BSC1005 Unit 3 Exam: Vertebrate Biology*The following is a 2 part study guide marked by green titles. The first is a compilation of notes from the TA exam review and the second part is a collection of my personal notes from lecture on each chapterVertebrate Biology- Expanded TA Review Bio Study Guide Notes- 3/30/14- Know that Charles Darwin wrote a book titled, On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection- #7 in Book Review Qs: When a new group of male lions takes over a pride consisting of females and young, many things happen. Which statement below is false? o Females come into heato Young are killedo Females in pride are driven offo Males that controlled the pride are driven offo All of the above- #11 in Book Review Qs: Which vertebrate group listed below is thought to be the direct ancestors of tetrapods (four-footed land vertebrates)? o Myxini (Hagfish)o Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)o Actinopterygii (bony fish)o Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)o Placodermi - #15 in Book Review Qs: Birds are _____ in their production of offspring. o Oviparous (egg layer/shells)o Viviparous (live young)o Ovoviviparous (female keeps eggs in her body and young hatch from the eggs and are born alive)o Multiparouso Semiparous- #25 in Book Review Qs: Which statement listed below pertaining to Darwin’s concept of naturalselection is false? o Changes in the population occur over short periods of timeo The survival and reproductive success of individuals is not randomo Some variations within a species are passed on to offspringo Individuals within a species vary in different ways - #26 in Book Review Qs: When male deer fight for females to mate with it is known as _____.o Negative selectiono Natural selectiono Positive selectiono Sexual selectiono Neutral selection - #28 in Book Review Qs: Which of the following would have the largest home range? o Mouseo Song birdo Wolf o Squirrel o Deer- Know Darwin’s four postulates: o Individuals in a species vary o Some variations found in a population are passed on to offspringo In every generation, more offspring are produced than can surviveo Survival & reproductive success of individuals is NOT random- True or False: Survival and reproductive success of individual populations is random. (IT IS NOT RANDOM)- Large predators tend to have larger home ranges- Northern jacanas (species of bird) practice polyandry- rare mating system in bird species where males perform parental duties and females compete for mates - Fraternal polyandry- several brothers marry a single wife- Anadromous- reproducing once in a lifetime after migration- How do fish get back up the river to their place of birth? o Memory o Sighto Smello Taste - Which are the following are viviparous (give birth to live young)? o Aveso Mammalia o Chondrichthyeso Reptilia- In the film, which term listed below refers to the rock layers that were laid down under the influence of gravity? o Superpositiono Principle of faunal succession o Cross cuttingo Principle of horizontalityo Tonic succession- The term fitness as used by Darwin includes: o The ability of an organism to reproduceo A non-random processo The ability to leave offspringo The ability of an organism to survive in its environmento All of the above- Categories of Species to Remember: o Superclass Agnatha= Ostracoderms, first to appear in fossil records during the Cambrian period- Class Myxini (Hagfish) o Superclass Gnathostomata (Jawed fish)- Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish like sharks) - Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)- Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish we eat)o Class Amphibia- first tetrapods, first appear in Devonian Periodo Class Reptilia- first appear in Carboniferous Period- Subclass Anapsida (turtles)- Subclass Lepidosauria (lizards & snakes)- Archosauria (ancestor to crocodiles, alligators, and birds)o Class Aves- birds, first appeared in Jurassic Periodo Class Mammalia- mammals, first appeared in Triassic Period- Infraclass Methatheria (Marsupials)- include kangaroos & koalas- Subclass Prototheria (egg-laying mammals)- platypus - Know how to read chart on pg. 5 of book: Species listed higher vertically on the chart are more primitive. Species further to the left appeared earlier in the fossil record. Black lines represent diversity (the wider the line, the more diverse. EX: On chart, Neopterygianii (ray-finned fish) take up the most space in black, so they are the most diverse species on the chart. Second mostdiverse species are the Aves (birds). o Remember this info in the fossil record: - Ostracoderms (including Myxini as a class)- Cambrian Pd. - Amphibians, aka. first tetrapods- Devonian Pd. - Reptiles- Carboniferous Pd. - Birds (aka. Aves)- Jurassic Pd. - Mammals- Triassic Pd. - Videos to remember: o Battle at Kruger- wild buffalo defended a calf that was dragged away by lions, and the calf was saved and survived the struggle.o Meerkat Manor- - Meerkats are a matriarchal group- Meerkat names: - Flower-dominant or alpha female of Whiskers Group. Other females aresubmissive to her and she does not usually let any of them breed. Her death went viral on YouTube- Zaphod- dominant or alpha male. Flower’s mate. Father of majority of young in group and other males are submissive to him. - Shakespeare-Older son of Flower and Zaphod. Bitten by a snake and struggles to survive- Mozart- Sister of Shakespeare- Tosca- Sibling of Shakespeare and Mozart. She gets pregnant by an unknown male and this leads to problems between her and Flower- Youssarian- Another sibling. Real problem to group.- Young pups (meerkat babies 10 mo. or younger)- Mitch, Axelo Whooping Cranes- whooping cranes are an endangered species that make a flight from wintering grounds in TX to nesting grounds in Canada’s NW territories. Whooping cranesare only one of two crane species found in North America. In the film, the migration of whooping cranes follows an ultralight aircraft that they identify as their leader. o Peppered moths- color of moths’ wings changed (got darker) to allow them to blend into their environment after it was impacted by soot released into the air during the Industrial Revolution. The darker-colored moths had a better chance of survival as compared to the lighter-colored moths, which were more easily spotted against the dark bark of a tree trunk. o Tiktaalik video- Tiktaalik is an animal that is the “missing link” between Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned) and Ichthyostega (oldest known member of
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