EXAM 4 Study Guide Keywords Paleontologist a specialist who studies the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times represented by the fossils of plants animals and other organisms Paleobiology Combines the methods of natural science biology with the methods and findings of the earth science paleontology Scrotum Humanum The first name of a dinosaur discovered Mosasaurus The animal that first started the concept that animals were extinct Megalosaurus The big lizard When this was found no one really cared yet Iguanodon named for the tooth that looked like an iguana tooth Richard Owen A paleontologist that first created the word dinosauria which means fearfully great reptile Pterosaurs closest relative to dinosaurs The three features of a dinosaur Three or more sacral vertebrae Perforate acetabulum Three or more fingers Two kinds of dinosaurs Ornithischians bird hipped Saurischians lizard hipped Deinonychus stood on two toes and looked like a bird this is the dinosaur which fueled the dinosaur renaissance Half life when a material degrades the half life is when one half of the material is gone and lets us know when it first existed Deinosuchus the giant crocodile Plesiosaurus a sea monster not a dinosaur This is what the loch ness monster is Trace Fossils the remains of other organic material produced by an organism but not the actual remains For example burrows and feeding marks Sedimentary Rocks where we find dinosaur remains we also find them less commonly in igneous rocks from volcanoes Badlands places where plants don t grow and where we find dinosaurs Ornithischians bird shaped hipbones Thyreophora categorized by having a shield barrier or body armor Osteoderms bumps on the back of a dinosaur Endocasts The internal cast of a hollow object Fills brain cavities to tell us about biology and fossils Cerapoda dinosaurs with a gap between the front and back teeth Heterodontosaurus different toothed lizard Has different shaped teeth like a mammal Sexual dimorphism differences in size and shape between sexes This is found in dinosaurs although we do not know the sex of any dinosaur Tooth battery they have hundreds of teeth that work together while they eat with new teeth erupting into the mouth all the time Hadrosaurid or duck billed dinosaurs We have the most evidence of this kind of dinosaurs because of things such as bite marks feces and track marks Marginocephalia classified by the rim on the bone of the back of the neck This bone was either used for head butting or flank butting Ceratopsians beaks shaped like a parrot Oviraptor known as the egg stealers because it was thought they would steal eggs from the protoceratops but they were actually protecting their own oviraptor eggs and being good moms Pachyrhinosaurus thick nosed lizard Canadians believe they had a giant nose horn Sauropods long necks long tails small heads and had their nose on top of their head Theropod Beast footed dinosaur Most closely associated with a bird Spinosaurus remains blown up by the British in WW2 Ornithomimids the fasted dinosaur Could go 40mph or more Segnosaurus dino scissorhands There was one of these that was a plant eater according to the teeth Deinonychosauria Had a fearsome huge claw Troodons the smartest dinosaurs that had the largest brain size Encephalization quotient brain size vs weight Dinosauroid a picture of what would be an evolved dinosaur to a human Archaeopteryx the first bird Facts to know China was the first to write about dinosaurs Dinosaurs are related to crocodiles and pterosaurs o However they are most closely related with pterosaurs Robert Bakker and the Deinonychus are what fueled the dinosaur renaissance Dinosaurs lived over 65 5 million years ago The climate of the entire world was much warmer back when dinosaurs lived Crocodiles lived with dinosaurs Paleontology is found in geology not biology The largest crocodile was weighed at FSU at 3 700 lbs We don t find dinosaurs in Florida but we do find them in Georgia We do not know the sex of any dinosaur Dinosaurs were terrestrial Not sea or air animals Dinosaurs have self sharpening teeth Dinosaurs found with crests were first thought to be snorkels but this couldn t be because there were no holes at the top of the crests to make them snorkels The lonest dinosaur recorded was the supersaurus at 140 feet The Apatosaurus was also named the brontosaurus it was named twice The Tallest dinosaur recorded was the sauroposeidon at 56 feet tall Oviraptors were toothless The TREX o The tail is not on the ground o Not a lot of fingers o Had a great sense of smell o Couldn t run they would just amble o Cannibalistic o Was a predator and a scavenger We cut open dinosaurs bones and found that they grew fast and then just stopped and they had a fast metabolism They grew much faster than reptiles Dinosaurs were extinct 65 5 million years ago along with 40 80 of other plants and animals Why did dinosaurs die o Three possible theories Volcanoes Draining of the seas sea changes Asteroid impact The smallest dinosaur found was 7oz Dr Erickson also mentioned in the review that we should be familiar with the chart on page 129 of the book
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