Dinosaur Review Test 4 First written account of dinosaurs comes from china Paleontologist someone who studies ancient organisms Paleobiologist studies life history of animals physiology Thought first specimen was giant scrotum from giant human Actually thighbone Cuvier proposed extinction First dino megalosaurus no one paid attention because they thought stuff like that already lives Know iguanodon tooth next to iguana tooth they thought first dino was just Richard Owen named dinosaurs fearfully great reptiles dinosaurian giant lizard meaning Makes dinosaur a dinosaur o Related to crocs and pterosaurs most closely related to pterosaurs o Three or more sacrum vertebrae fused backbones in hip region o Hands w three main fingers o Perforated acetabula Two types ornithischians and saurichians separated by hip structure define No one cared about dinosaurs after WWII 1964 John Ostrom discovered deinomonicus dino renaissance Robert Bakker said dinosaurs were just like birds and mammals When did they live 238 millions years ago until 65 5 million years Know these ages from volcanoes we age them from uranium 235 led uranium turns into lead half lives It was arid World was warmer No polar ice caps Continents moved around driven by volcanic seafloor spreading plate tectonics Crocodilians lived with the dinosaurs 32 foot deinosuchus giant crocodile much bigger than the ones today 3700 pounds is highest bite force in any animal measured from croc 1 one way we find out about the bio of dinosaurs is through trace fossils Long necked plesiosaurs not dinosaur Loch Ness Monster Fossil remain of ancient life not actual traces of animals bite marks eggs track marks skin impressions stomach stones etc One thing we got from tracks tails definitely did not drag they carried them We find dinosaurs in sedimentary rocks Do NOT find usually find dinosaurs in volcanic rock Almost never found in metamorphic rocks Badlands place where plants don t grow well are best since bones are easiest found Closet place you ll find dinosaur to us Georgia Are dinosaur found in FL NO Ornithischians means bird hip bird shaped hip bones and beaks to crop pants Like all early dinosaur the first ones were small and then get big A major group of ornithischians was the thyrephora shield bearers or armored dinosaurs they have osteroderms bony armor on back like crocs or alligators Endocasts sediments that filled the brain cavities of dinosaur stegosaurus is the supermodel for stupidity Paleontology has a history founded solely in geology Cerapodans have a gap between the front and the back teeth Heterodontosaurs has different shaped teeth like mammal picture know its something about teeth We do not know the sex of any dinosaur Sexual dimorphism difference in size and shape between sexes some dinosaurs show but we re not sure which is which For this test know dinosaurs are terrestrial animals Duck billed dinosaurs had tooth batteries hundreds of interlocked teeth dinosaur shed teeth throughout life The tooth batteries were self sharpening the hard enamel was on one side of eah tooth and created a wedge to create natural scissor effect Bite marked specimens reveal who was eaten Coprolites dinosaur poop Snorkel like picture thought they were used as snorkels even though there was no hole on top Marginocephalia a margin or rim sticking over neck Two structures of fighting o Head on smashing biologist think this one o Flank butting Element models made dissipations of force can be assessed head butting Ceratopsians beak shape Neocerotopsians big neck frill Protoveratops know picture in book Ovirapto the egg stealer Pachyrhinosuarus boss others think it was base for largest horn Saucherian means lizard hip Sauropods has nostrils located at the top of their heads Longest dinosaur was 140 feet long longer than ruby diamond reaches to outside of auditorium but inside building Most famous diplodocid Apatosaurus brontosaurus same thing just got out named Tallest dinosaur is 56 feet saurposeieidion Some people thought the nostrils on the top of the head was a trunk Theropod thin hollow air filled bones Ceratosaurs distinctive gap between teeth Spinosaurus was unfortunately blown to smithereens when the British bombed the museum Ornithomimids the fastest dinosaurs Stegosaurs plant eating theropod crazy 3 finger picture on test only herbivore theropod dinosaurs Know picture for toothless oviraptors mouth is lower right Troodontids the smartest dinosaurs encephilization quotient brain size relative to body mass modern bird brain EQ Know dinosaurid Picture of TREX dragging tail w fingers up what s wrong Tail should be in air and TREX only had 2 fingers not 3 TREX had giant olfactory bulbs great sense of smell TREX could only amble not really run TREX cannibalistic behavior TREX are both scavengers and predators scavenged carcass Dino life and rebirth a blend of fast growing bones like birds avian rates but growth lines when it stopped each year like reptiles blend or birds mammals and animals Dinosaurs grew like marsupials faster than reptiles What happened to them think the disappears 65 5 million years ago not just dinosaurs died a lot of life died Why o Volcanism o Lowering in sea levels o Asteroid hit in Gulf of Mexico Yucatan peninsula Not explained why it didn t kill birds mammals and other life forms Archaeopteryx the first bird Birds are theropod dinosaurs All dinosaurs except birds are extinct today Some dinosaur had four wings and probably were gliders Smallest dinosaur is 7oz in weight
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