Go back over cladogram and how to use itPaleontologist- someone who studies ancient organismsPaleobiologist- someone who studies the lives of ancient organisms.Jefferson- father of paleobiology.DinosauriaFirst proper name given to dinosaur- Scrotum humanum PIC Actually the thighbone of the meat eating dinosaur- MegalosaurusDinosauria- Sir Richard Owen- named them PICFirst records of dinosaurs were in China.MegalosaurusNo excitement, no one cared because thought it was just a giant crocodile.First described herbivorous dinosaur.Iguanodon= iguana toothEat plants, great deal of excitement unlike megalosaurusBaron George Cuviershowed extinciton can occurRober Bakker- Deinonuchus helped change perceptions about dinosaursDino- active & agileDinosaur Characteristics3 or more sacral vertebraeperfoate acetabulae3 main fingersClosely related to pterosaurs (flying reptilesOrnithischians vs Saurischians- diff in hip structOrnithischians- bird shaped hips, pubis points backSaurischians- lizard shaped hips (pubis points fwrd)Age of DinoShowed up 238 million years agoExtinct 65.5 million yrs ago, as well as 40-80% of all lifeClimate was warm, arid (desert like), like florida in the middle latitudes, and cool and rainy at the poles ( no ice caps)Best isotope to age dinosaurs= Uranium 235 becomes Lead 207.Found in sedimentary rocksClosest place to FL to find Dinosaur fossils- GeorgiaEarliest members of major dinosaurs were SMALL.Terrestrial- Found on LAND, NOT oceans.Specifically remember,Stupidest- StegosaurusSmartest- Troodon (size of brain like birds)Tallest- 56ft Sauroposeidon ("lizard earthquake god")Smallest- 7ozFastest OrnithomimidsLongest- Seismosaurus (head will be beyond back wall of classroom 140+ ft. )Dino names-Archaeopteryx- first bird PICHeterodontosaur- denitition is uniqueCeratopsian- parrot like beak, inspired Green legends of GriffinHadrosaurs- have the most info about them because they were in herds common, greagarious, eggs foundPlesiosaur- Loch ness monsterPICS are importantDino Names-Pachryrhinosaurus- Boss on nose theory was base for enormous horn.Pachycephalosaurs- fought by head rammingCeratosaur- gap between front and back teen mistaken for venom grooveCoelophysis- ate crocodiles (story about them being cannibals.)Theropod- dinosaur with scissor hands may have eaten plantsNOT ON SHEETTheropod- birds evolved from them- teeth have serrated edge.Oviraptor- Protoceratops egg stealerSpinosaurus- destroyed in british bombingCeropoda- gap b/w front and back teeth.Gigantosaurus- larger than t. rex. PICDINO featuresDental battery- 100's of tightly adjoining teeth. Enamel on one side of teeth helps to sharpen them.Osteoderm- dones found in the skinEndocasts- casts of brain cavity, used to see what senses they relied on.T. REX2 fingers, not 3.Good sense of smell, large olfactory bulbs.Lizard hipsTracks show they did not drag their tails.They could only amble, not run.EngineeringComputerized finite element modeling- models to see bite forces.Crocs highest bite force is 3700 lbs.Growth Curves- show dinosaurs grew like marsupials and faster than reptiles.Extinction-Theories- Volcanism Sea levels dropped. Impact of asteroid (Chicxulub Crater- in the Gulf of Mexico, primary theory)KT Extinction Event- 40 to 80% of all life forms went extinct.Problem with theories; Animals like frogs and crocs survived (they are extremely sensitive to environmental changes so why would they have survived?)DinosauroidHuman-like and dinosaur-like creatureTheory that if dinos had not gone extinct they would have evolved to look like a creature similar to humans.Dino New LookFossils showed they had feathersGliding dinos had four wingsBirds evolved from Theropod dinosBone structure blend of avian/reptilian traitsTheir sex is still not known (sexual dimorphism) Theory (# of vertebrae can determine sex) not proven.Additional terms to knowCoprolite- dino fecesEncephalization Quotient- how much brain compared to massOver splitting- giving multiple names to one species , more than their really are.Brontosaurus- same as
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