Unit 2 Study Guide Plants and People Chapter 1 A Be able to state the characteristic of green plants a Plants are green contain chlorophyll to trap sunlight for photosynthesis i Photosynthesis Gain carbon and energy for growth use sunlight to convert C02 into sugars b Plants are structural plant cells surrounded by a rigid cell wall c Plants make flowers fruits seeds or spores B Know that organisms are named according to the binomial system i Mode of reproduction d Fungi are not plants genus species a Created by Carl Linnaeus i Classified organisms into kingdoms 1 Then phylum class order family genus species a Species group that can interbreed produce offspring C Know that organisms are classified on the basis of their 2 King Plays Chess On Fine Glass Stools evolutionary genetic relatedness a Evolution is driven by the slow accumulation of tiny genetic changes i More closely related two organisms are the more similar they are genetically and vice versa D Know that the kingdom is the highest most all inclusive grouping of life and be able to name the five kingdoms of life a Five kingdoms bacteria animals fungi protists and plants b Bad Animals Fight Poopy People E Know that bacteria were the first organisms to evolve and be able to state the approximate times at which 1 life appeared 2 photosynthesis evolved and 3 the more complex groups of organisms evolved from bacteria know that green land plants evolved separated from other groups about 1 billion years ago know that animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants 1 Bacteria 3 5 BYA a b 2 Photosynthesis evolved 3 BYA c 3 Multicellular organisms evolved from bacteria 1 5 BYA d Plants fungi and animals evolved 1 BYA F The Green Plant Kingdom a Green algae invaded the land 450 BYA b Transportation tissues 400 BYA c Leaves 375 BYA d Seeds and pollen 350 BYA e Flowers and fruits 150 BYA Chapter 2 A Most of our energy comes from burning fossil fuels a Oil natural gas and coal i Non renewable ii Arose through the decay of plants and algae 1 Growing algae for oil extraction iii Raises the Earth s temperature add C02 gas to the atmosphere global warming b The sun is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth B Know that all living things are composed of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life each cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and each cell contains a nucleus and cytoplasm a All cells arise from existing cells Cell Theory b Nucleus contains genetic material DNA i Cell s control center c Cytoplasm where most of the cell s activities happen i Organelles tiny structures that do various jobs dealing with metabolism and growth C Know that plant cells have all the components found in animal cells but in addition have a cell wall on the outside of the cell membrane and chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place in the cytoplasm a Chloroplasts are green from the chlorophyll b Not all plant cells contain them i Leaf cells do but the cells in roots and stems do not D Know the function of the cell wall a Provides the plant cell with structural strength and rigidity E Be able to state the overall chemical reaction of photosynthesis know that this reaction makes life possible bringing carbon into a form that can be used to make the molecules of our bodies and converting sunlight into an energy for that organisms can use a Photosynthesis CO2 H20 Sugars O2 b Light energy is trapped by chloroplasts i Light used above the arrow to make the process happen c Plants use sugars as a source of chemical energy to power their growth and metabolism F Be able to outline the carbon cycle know that animals obtain their carbon by eating plants and that animals get their energy by digesting plant materials breaking down to CO2 water through the process of respiration a Respiration animal cells take sugars and combine with oxygen to release energy b Reverse chemical reaction of photosynthesis i Sugars O2 CO2 H2O Energy c Carbon Cycle Carbon from the atmosphere passes to plants and then to animals and then back to the atmosphere i Any dead plant animal is broken down in CO2 1 Through the process of respiration by bacteria and fungi in the soil G Know the functions of the xylem and the phloem of plants a Xylem moves water from roots to leaves b Phloem moves sugars from leaves to roots i Both made of vascular tissue H Know what transpiration is and its relation to photosynthesis a Plants loose large amounts of water through transpiration i Transpiration the movement of water from the roots to the leaves and then out to the atmosphere ii When the soil is dry transpiration causes the plant to wilt death I Know what guard cells and stomates are where they are located and their role in regulation transpiration a Plants restrict water loss by having a waxy layer on the surface of the leaf i Also by allowing CO2 uptake and water release b Stomates special pores in the leaf surface that allow CO2 uptake and water release c Guard Cells surround the stomate swell or shrink to open or close the pore i When soil has plenty of water the guard cells swell and open the stomates ii When soil is dry the guard cells shrink closing the stomates photosynthesis stops J Know that cellulose is the molecule in cell walls that provides most of their strength and that cellulose is comprised of chains of sugars that are assembled into rods that are highly resistant to degradation resistant to being broken down a Cellulose most abundant compound on earth b Wood is 60 cellulose c Only bacteria can break cellulose down d Pectin is involved K Be able to explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory a Hypothesis Proposed explanation for some narrow observation about the natural world i Not an educated guess ii Differ from theories by being narrower in scope iii Must lead to predictions that can be tested b Theory A broad explanation of some natural phenomenon that has been repeatedly tested and shown to hold true i Not a guess closer to fact BUT NOT FACT A Know the basic plant parts shoot stem leaf petiole shoot tip lateral bud root and root tips a Shoot the part above the ground Chapter 3 i Consists of the stem branches and leaves 1 Each leave is attached to the stem by the petiole ii Shoot tip a patch of tissue at the tip of the shoot 1 Where the new cells are formed by cell division iii Lateral bud dormant shoot tips and when activated to grow will form a branch 1 New shoot system 2 At the base of each leaf where the petiole meets iv Root
View Full Document
Unlocking...