02 18 2011 a In many areas crime seems to have declined during the recession Criminology Notes 2 2 Trends and Correlates of Crime 1 The Recession and Crime b 5 3 drop in violent crime c 4 6 drop in property crime d 7 3 drop in murder e but there are variations 2 Interpreting Crime Data a Crime is cyclical b Consider changes in i Sources of information ii Population shifts iii Changing types of crimes iv Changes in recording practices 3 Four Major Correlates of Crime a Age b Gender c Socio economic Status d Race Ethnicity other a Positive or negative 5 Age and Crime 4 Correlation things that tend to vary systematically in relation to each a Approx half of all those arrested are 25 or younger b Juveniles less than or equal to 18 18 of population but 15 of all crimes 6 Gender and Crime a Gender is the best predictor b Males make up 83 of those arrested c Conception of gender matters d Is female crime rising i 1970s Women s Liberation Movement 1 Adler 1975 Sisters in Crime ii Since the 1990s female delinquency is up 83 but compared to men it is still very small 7 Social Class and Crime a Unlike age and gender there is debate about this correlate b Relationship could be i Inverse higher crime in lower class ii Bimodal inverse bell curve c Measurement issues what is social class d No debate about social class in prison e Typical prisoner i high school educated ii income below poverty line iii blue collar occupations unemployed f Only 18 of white collar offenders go to prison 8 Race and Crime a Race ethnicity minority status correlated to crime b Disproportiontionality i 1 in 9 black males ages 20 34 are currently in prison 9 3 ii 2 6 Hispanics iii 1 1 White males c but not a cause correlate 9 Latino Crime Immigration and Crime a Traditionally Latino offenders i Dropped from sample groups ii Combined with white or black groups b Immigrant enclaves no crime rates i 1st Generation lower rates of crime ii 2nd Generation higher rates of crime 10 Summary a Age 25 b Male c Lower class d Mostly minority 11 Victims a Mostly men b Larger of minority population c Age 12 19 low income 12 Some additional correlates offenders a Family i Poor parental supervision discipline ii Parental neglect and rejection iii Lack of parent child involvement b Education i More family schooling lower arrest rates c Regional Variation i Historically the south ii But vary by region iii Urban areas but suburban rural crime on the rise 13 Mass Media and Crime a Catharsis hypothesis crime b Precipitation hypothesis seeing violence propels people towards 02 18 2011 02 18 2011
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