Criticisms of Early Anomie TheoryDoes just a good a job of explaining conformity50s and 60s booming economy, yet more crimelow expectations and low aspirations is associate with crimeCrime and The American DreamInstitutional Anomie Theory:Messner & Rosenfeld argue that:Achievement orientation dominatesSelf-worth determined by net worth—non monetary aims diminishedWeakens other elementsEarn at any costNo stopping point to earningIndividualism is the meansSuccess to be earned by oneselfOthers are competitorsEveryone expected to competeRestraintsSocial institutions are designed to maintain norms and values in order to regulate conductEconomyPolity/electorateEducationsFamilyCurrently there is an institutional imbalance in power3 Stage Process of Economic Ascendencydevaluationshomeowner, not homemaker has valued rolebeing a good student is not prestigiousaccommodationemployers resist family leave/ sty at home dadsschooling sought to get a good jobpenetrationbelief government is good if run like a businessmovement of women into workforceteaching to the test in schoolsGeneral Strain Theory (GST)Individuals pressured into crime3 sources of strain (broader than Merton)prevent or threaten to prevent the achievement of positively valued goalsremove or threaten to remove the achievement of positively valued goalspresent or threaten to present negatively valued stimulicrime is one alternative to alleviating frustrationthis results from negative emotions, primarily angerGST ElaborationCrime/ delinquency more likely if strain is:High in magnitudeUnjustAssociated with low social controlTypes of strainObjectiveSubjectiveVicariousAnticipatedNeighborhoods14/11/2011 08:02:00←← Criticisms of Early Anomie Theory- Does just a good a job of explaining conformity- 50s and 60s booming economy, yet more crime- low expectations and low aspirations is associate with crime ← Crime and The American Dream- Institutional Anomie Theory:o Messner & Rosenfeld argue that: Achievement orientation dominates Self-worth determined by net worth—non monetary aims diminished- Weakens other elements Earn at any cost No stopping point to earning Individualism is the means Success to be earned by oneself Others are competitors Everyone expected to compete← Restraints- Social institutions are designed to maintain norms and values in order to regulate conducto Economyo Polity/electorateo Educationso Family- Currently there is an institutional imbalance in power← 3 Stage Process of Economic Ascendency- devaluationso homeowner, not homemaker has valued roleo being a good student is not prestigious- accommodationo employers resist family leave/ sty at home dadso schooling sought to get a good job- penetrationo belief government is good if run like a businesso movement of women into workforceo teaching to the test in schools← General Strain Theory (GST)- Individuals pressured into crime- 3 sources of strain (broader than Merton)o prevent or threaten to prevent the achievement of positively valued goalso remove or threaten to remove the achievement of positively valued goalso present or threaten to present negatively valued stimuli- crime is one alternative to alleviating frustration- this results from negative emotions, primarily anger← GST Elaboration- Crime/ delinquency more likely if strain is:o High in magnitudeo Unjusto Associated with low social control- Types of straino Objectiveo Subjectiveo Vicariouso Anticipated- Neighborhoods14/11/2011 08:02:00←14/11/2011
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