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Criminology: academic discipline that uses the scientific method to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behaviorSubareas of CriminologyCriminal Statistics/Crime MeasurementCalculate amounts/trends of crimesCreate valid and reliable measures of criminal behaviorSociology of Law/Law and Society/Socio-Legal StudiesRole that social forces play in shaping criminal lawRole of criminal law in shaping societyUnderstand how crime evolvesWhat is obscene and what is not?Crime CausationWhat causes crime?Sociological and Psychological Perspectives come into playUnderstanding and Describing Criminal BehaviorResearch on specific criminal types and patternsViolent, theft, public order, organized, etc.White collar crime: business-related offenses (Wall St.)Penology: Punishment, Sanctions, CorrectionsPenology: correction and sentencing of known criminal offendersRehabilitation: identify effective treatmentVictimologyAiding crime victimsDeveloping theories of victimization riskHistory of CriminologyPeople who committed crimes used to be considered witches/daemonsUtilitarianism: people want to achieve pleasure to avoid painClassical criminology: people have freedom to act criminally/crimes are attractive when benefits outweigh the effortPositivist criminology: using logic/science/statistics to explain criminal behaviorBiosocial theory: focuses on interaction between biological and social factorsSociological criminology: focuses on relationship between social factors and crimeAnomie: lack of norms or clear social standardsChicago school: group of sociologists studied relationship between environment and crimeDeviance: behavior that departs from social norm but is not necessarily criminalCriminal criminologists: oppression of poor, women, minorities, etc. and linking class to conflict, sexism, racism to crime rates. How those who hold power shape the law to themselves.Decriminalized: criminal penalties reduced rather than eliminatedConsensus view: majority of citizens in society share common values on what behaviors should be likeCriminal law: written code that defines crimes and their punishmentsConflict view: criminal behavior is defined by those in powerInteractionist view: belief that those with power are able to impose their own values on societyCode of Hammurabi: first written criminal code in Babylonia about 2000 BCMosaic Code: laws of ancient Israel found in Old TestamentPrecedent: rule derived from previous judicial decisions and applied to futureCommon law: early English law eventually formed basis of early US lawFelony: serious offense that carries penalty of imprisonmentMisdemeanor: minor crime usually punished by short jail term/fineAppellate Court: court that reviews trial court procedures to determine whether they have applied with accepted rules/doctrinesCriminology, Crime & Criminal Law 09/07/2011Criminology: academic discipline that uses the scientific method to study thenature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behaviorSubareas of Criminology- Criminal Statistics/Crime Measuremento Calculate amounts/trends of crimeso Create valid and reliable measures of criminal behavior- Sociology of Law/Law and Society/Socio-Legal Studieso Role that social forces play in shaping criminal lawo Role of criminal law in shaping societyo Understand how crime evolveso What is obscene and what is not?- Crime Causationo What causes crime?o Sociological and Psychological Perspectives come into play- Understanding and Describing Criminal Behavioro Research on specific criminal types and patternso Violent, theft, public order, organized, etc. White collar crime: business-related offenses (Wall St.)- Penology: Punishment, Sanctions, Correctionso Penology: correction and sentencing of known criminal offenderso Rehabilitation: identify effective treatment -Victimologyo Aiding crime victimso Developing theories of victimization riskHistory of Criminology-People who committed crimes used to be considered witches/daemons-Utilitarianism: people want to achieve pleasure to avoid pain-Classical criminology: people have freedom to act criminally/crimes are attractive when benefits outweigh the effort-Positivist criminology: using logic/science/statistics to explain criminal behaviorBiosocial theory: focuses on interaction between biological and social factorsSociological criminology: focuses on relationship between social factors and crimeAnomie: lack of norms or clear social standardsChicago school: group of sociologists studied relationship between environment and crimeDeviance: behavior that departs from social norm but is not necessarily criminalCriminal criminologists: oppression of poor, women, minorities, etc. and linking class to conflict, sexism, racism to crime rates. How those who hold power shape the law to themselves.Decriminalized: criminal penalties reduced rather than eliminatedConsensus view: majority of citizens in society share common values on what behaviors should be likeCriminal law: written code that defines crimes and their punishmentsConflict view: criminal behavior is defined by those in power Interactionist view: belief that those with power are able to impose their own values on societyCode of Hammurabi: first written criminal code in Babylonia about 2000 BCMosaic Code: laws of ancient Israel found in Old Testament Precedent: rule derived from previous judicial decisions and applied to futureCommon law: early English law eventually formed basis of early US lawFelony: serious offense that carries penalty of imprisonmentMisdemeanor: minor crime usually punished by short jail term/fineAppellate Court: court that reviews trial court procedures to determine whether they have applied with accepted


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UMD CCJS 105 - Criminology, Crime & Criminal Law

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Crime

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Names

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Exam 2

Exam 2

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Exam 1

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Exam 1

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