1. People commit crimes when they have an excess of definitions favorable to law violationa. Differential association2. Examples of these types of programs include victim-offender mediation, restitution, and sentencing circlesa. Restorative justice3. Cohen’s three adaptations to straina. Delinquent boyb. College boyc. Corner boy4. I said that the United States was unique in its emphasis on the cultural goal of monetary wealtha. Reaction Formation5. I was the moral statistician who coined the term “social mechanics”6. This theory would suggest that reducing poverty would lead to reduced crime ratesa. Strain and Anomie Theories7. Social Disorganization Theorya. Social Disorganization weakened informal social control crime8. Together we developed the theory of the subculture of violencea. Wolfgang and Ferricutti 9. According to this theory, people are not committed to delinquency, but rather “drift” into ita. Neutralization Theory 10. This theory says that social and physical disorder invite more serious crimea. Broken Windows Theory11. Five Techniques of Naturalization:a. Denial of Inquiryb. Denial of Victimc. Condemnation of the Condemnersd. Denial of Responsibilitye. Appeal to Higher Loyalties12. These are the four cultural values of Messner and Rosenfeld’s “American Dream”a. Achievement b. Individualismc. Universalismd. Materialism e. Money13. One of two theories that would recommend reducing access to delinquent peers asa way to reduce crimea. Social Learning Theoryb. Differential Association14. I developed Differential Association Theorya. Edwin Sutherland15. These are the four elements of Hirschi’s Social Bonda. Attachment commitment involvement belief16. Helping people cope with anger reduces crimea. General strain theory17. General Strain Theorya. Strain negative emotions crime18. Of Metron’s five adaptations, this is the one that is most likely associated with criminal behaviora. Innovation 19. This theory claims that sometimes people resort to crime as a way to cope with negative emotions such as angera. General strain theory: Agnew20. I inspired the school of critical criminologya. Karl Marx21. According to this theory, crime rates are higher in societies that use stigmatizing punishmentsa. Reinegrative Shaming Theory22. Three types of gangs according to Differential Opportunity Theorya. Criminalb. Conflictc. Retreatists23. The best way to reduce crime is to invest in early childhood prevention or parents traininga. Gottfredson and
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