BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same general cause. b. Hypotheses cannot be proven True. c. Sense experience consistently represents reality. d. The universe is ordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. Which of the following BEST explains the distribution of terrestrial biomes? a. Light intensity and nutrients. b. Light intensity and precipitation. c. Light intensity and temperature. d. Nutrients and temperature. e. Precipitation and temperature 3. In an experimental study, the group that receives the treatment and the outcome is “known” assuming the procedure is functioning correctly is the… a. experimental group. b. naturalistic group. c. negative control group. d. positive control group. 4. Which of the following describes the interaction of a large bullfrog (Rana catesbiana) eating a small bullfrog? a. Interspecific amensalism. b. Interspecific commensalism. c. Interspecific predation. d. Intrapecific amensalism. e. Intrapecific commensalism. f. Intraspecific predation. 5. Which of the following ponds should have the greatest species richness? a. Large, far from lake, high nutrients b. Large, far from lake, moderate nutrients c. Large, far from lake, low nutrients d. Large, near lake, high nutrients e. Large, near lake, moderate nutrients f. Large, near lake, low nutrients g. Small, far from lake, high nutrients h. Small, far from lake, moderate nutrients i. Small, far from lake, low nutrients j. Small, near lake, high nutrients k. Small, near lake, moderate nutrients l. Small, near lake, low nutrients The samples below measured the density of field bindweed per m2 in areas periodically burned and areas not experiencing burning. The hypothesis is that periodic burning will increase bindweed density. Table. Density per m2 quadrat samples of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). P-value for comparison between the samples from the two areas = 0.01 Unburned area 9 11 5 21 10 13 Burned area 2 4 10 5 14 0 6. For these data and this hypothesis what type of graph would be most appropriate?↑ a. Bar graph of means b. Bar graph of samples c. Histogram d. Line Graph e. Scatter Plot 7. For the study above which of the following is the treatment? ↑ a. Burning. b. Quadrat sampling. c. Repeating the sampling. d. The Field Bindweed. e. None of the above. 8. The hypothesis is… ↑ a. rejected. b. supported. c. (this cannot be determined with these data) 9. If a population of 1000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.20, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 200 b. 220 c. 1200 d. 1440 e. None of the above 10. Organisms with which of the following characteristics could support the greatest amount of harvest of individuals. a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing d. Late maturing, slowly reproducingFILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es), or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of frogs. (4%) Age Number Mortality Mortality Rate 0 4000 1 500 2 100 3 50 ---- 2. Hypothesis: The fish species Fundulus diaphanus will be more dense in shallow ponds than deeper ponds. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # F. diaphanus per m2 shallow = 8.25 mean # F. diaphanus per m2 deep = 2.53 P-value = 0.091 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) Explain why ↑. (1%) 3. What two factors most significantly limit photosynthesis in aquatic environments? (1%) (1%) This is a cross section of the ocean. Indicate the amounts of each of the two limiting factors identified in number 3 above are in each of the two areas identified by the arrows. 4. (1%) 5. (1%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (For indicated questions provide an example as well.) (20%, 4% each) 1. Amensalism: 2. Empriricism: 3. Plant Secondary Compounds: 4. Population: 5. P-Value: 4 5BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯ Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. (50%) 1. A population of 200 elephants growing logistically has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.02. The carrying capacity is 800. (a.) At what population size (in general for this population, not necessarily referring to your specific calculations for this population in part b) will this population be adding the greatest number of individuals per year? (b.)What is the size of this population after one year? After two years? Generally show your calculations. (10%) 2. Briefly provide an explanation for why it is wet at the equator and dry at 30° North and South latitude. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled sketch for your answer.) (10%) 3. (a.) Explain what is meant by the edge effect. (b.) The edge effect over the last 100 years has resulted in a significant increase in numbers of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana) and a decrease in numbers of pileated woodpecker (Drycopus pileatus) in eastern North America. What does this tell us (generally) about the habitat needs of these two species? (10%)4. A researcher examined effects of wave movement on species richness of organisms (algae and small invertebrate animals) living on boulders along beaches in California. In this study small boulders moved often, large ones seldom; when boulders rolled over attached individuals of all species become damaged or dislodged, scraping an area of the boulder clean of organisms. Measurement of species diversity in standard-sized areas, on various sized boulders was undertaken. The hypothesis in this study is: large boulders will have the highest species richness. (These data were taken from the following study, Sousa, W. 1979. Ecological Monographs 49: 227-254.) (20%) year of survey of species richness mean species richness, small boulders mean species richness,