BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2001FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1)Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of theresponse that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each)1. Which of the following is a sphincterbetween the stomach and theduodenum?a. cardiac sphincterb. esophageal sphincterc. ileocecal sphincterd. pyloric sphinctere. None of the above2. Which of the following is simply ahollow mass of cells?a. blastulab. gastrulac. morulad. neurulae. None of the above3. Which of the following is an immobileblood clot?a. aneurysmb. embolusc. infarctiond. thrombuse. None of the above4. Which of the following is NOT a type ofconnective tissue?a. adipose (fat) tissueb. bloodc. boned. tendone. None of the above (all are connect. tissue)5. Which of the following is the correctorder of vertebrate development?a.zygoteà blastula à morula à gastrulab. zygoteà gastrula à morula à blastulac. zygoteà gastrula à blastula à morulad. zygoteà morula à blastula à gastrulae. None of the above (all are incorrect)6. In a mammal, blood from the rightventricle, then flows to the…a. aorta.b. inferior vena cava.c. left atrium.d. left ventricle.e. None of the above7. Which of the following is where urine iscollected in the kidney?a. renal cortexb. renal medulac. renal pelvisd. urinary bladdere. None of the above8. Which of the following most directlyresults in a chemical change in thevitelline layer of an ovum?a. acrosomal reactionb. cortical reactionc. membrane depolarizationd. nuclear fusione. None of the above9. Why does infection with Vibrio choleraeresult in dysentery (diarrhea)?a. The colon is damaged by exotoxin.b. The gallbladder is damaged byexotoxin.c. The pancreas becomes inflamed.d. The stomach begins to digest itself.e. None of the above10. The central nervous system is formed bythe folding in of which type of tissue?a. ectodermb. endodermc. mesodermd. notochorde. None of the aboveMATCHING.For the following exercise match the negatively affected organ in the right columnwith the disease or disorder in the left column. Each letter may be used more than once or not atall. (5%, 1% each)1. common cold 2. heartburn 3. pneumonia 4. stroke 5. tuberculosis A. brainB. duodenumC. esophagusD. heartE. lungsF. pharynxG. stomachH. tracheaFILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in theavailable space.(12.5%)1. Fill in the appropriate labels for thefollowing drawing. (5%) a. b. c. d. e. 2. The three functions of the lymphaticsystem are… (1.5%) 3. Fill in the appropriate labels for thefollowing drawing. (4%) a. b. c. d. 4. List four diseases, disorders, or groups ofdiseases that occur at an increasedfrequency in someone who smokes. (2%) EDACBDACBBIOLOGY 262, FALL 2001FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2)Name Date DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately andconcisely as possible. (20%, 4% each)1. African sleeping sickness:2. Guinea worm:3. heart attack (myocardial infarction):4. meroblastic cleavage:5. nephron:LONG ANSWER. For the following answers, address each question in as concise and lucid amanner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (15%)1. Explain how human blood sugar is regulated? What happens in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?What happens in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? (5%)2. A single Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium infects Edith's throat. Two weeks later Edithshows strep throat symptoms and goes to her physician who prescribes penicillin to be takenfor three weeks. Edith is quite optimistic since she has had strep throat in previous years andit has always cleared up after her physician prescribed penicillin. Edith feels well after a weekand stops taking the antibiotic. Two weeks later Edith's strep throat symptoms return. Shetakes her remaining two weeks worth of penicillin and feels fine. However, two weeks afterher last penicillin pill she once again develops strep throat symptoms. (7%)a.) Describe in one short sentence what you know about the shape, arrangement of the cells,and cell wall structure of Streptococcus pyogenes.b.) Draw an approximate graph of the population size of Streptococcus pyogenes in Edithfrom the initial infection to two weeks (before she starts taking penicillin). What type ofpopulation growth is this?c.) Explain what may have happened that could have caused Edith's strep throat relapses.(Assume that re-infection from another person or the environment DID NOT occur.)d.) Briefly explain what mistakes Edith and her physician made.3. Explain why your stomach doesn't normally digest itself? (3 reasons) (3%)BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2001FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3)Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of theresponse that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each)1. In a population at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium, if the frequency of AA is0.16, then what is the frequency of aa?a. 0.36b. 0.60c. 0.64d. 0.84e. None of the above2. Is a population with the followinggenotype frequencies at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium? AA=0.40, Aa=0.20, aa=0.40a. nob. yesc. unable to determine from given data3. A population of 1000 ferns undergoesexponential growth with a yearly intrinsicrate of increase of 0.4, then what is thesize of the population after 2 years?a. 1200b. 1400c. 1800d. 1860e. None of the above4. If a population of 1000 rats in anenvironment with a carrying capacity of2000 is undergoing logistic growth with ayearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.5, thenwhat is the population size after 1 year?a. 1050b. 1250c. 1500d. 2000e. None of
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