BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006 – IN-CLASS EXAM EXAMINATION #3 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following IS an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events must be caused uniquely. b. Hypotheses can be proven True. c. Sense experience consistently represents reality. d. The universe is chaotic. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of scientific philosophy) 2. Which of the following is the Kingdom to which the model organism Neurospora crassa belong? a. Alveolata b. Euglenozoa c. Fungi d. Stramenopila e. None of the above 3. Which of the following best describes the association of a dermatophyte with a human? a. Amensalistic b. Commensalistic c. Mutualistic d. Parasitic e. Saprobic 4. Which of the following is when a bacterium takes in DNA (as a plasmid) directly from the environment? a. binary fission b. conjugation c. transcription d. transformation e. None of the above 5. Which of the following is when a bacterium causes severe disease symptoms due to production of a damaging chemical? a. high invasiveness b. high toxigenicity c. low invasiveness d. low toxigenicity e. low xylicity 6. A bacterium that obtains its energy from light and its carbon from carbon dioxide is a… a. chemoautotroph. b. chemoheterotroph. c. photoautotroph. d. photoheterotroph. e. None of the above. 7. Which of the following is the Kingdom to which the brown algae (like kelp) belong? a. Alveolata b. Chlorophyta c. Euglenozoa d. Stramenopila e. None of the above 8. Which of the following is TRUE about coniferophyte gametophytes? a. They are the dominant generation. b. They make gametes by meiosis. c. They make spores by mitosis. d. They do not undergo photosynthesis. e. None of the above (All are false.) 9. If a population of 1,000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, and a carrying capacity of 10,000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 1150 b. 1176 c. 1180 d. 1187 e. 1200 10. Given the following genotypes in a population: 10AA, 82Aa, 8aa. Is this population evolving with respect to the “A” gene? a. No b. Yes c. Cannot determine with the information given.FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space, sketch, or label as appropriate. (10%) 1. In the space below sketch and label a “typical” eukaryotic cell. Be certain to label at least four things. (5%) 2. What shape term best describes each bacterium below. (2%) 3. Hypothesis: There will be higher species richness of fungi on the top surface of oak leaves than on the under surface. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # fungal species per cm2 top = 3.33 mean # fungal species per cm2 bottom = 6.05 P-value = 0.001 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) Explain why ↑. (2%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Carpel: 2. Endosperm: 3. Endosymbiotic Theory of Eukaryotic Origins: 4. Genetic Drift: 5. Hyphae (singular = hypha):BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006 - EXAMINATION #3 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Fill in the data in the table, then use the data in the table to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (15%) flowers present or absent seeds present or absent dominant life cycle generation heterosporous or homosporous resin canals present or absent tulip rose pine tree spruce tree fern TRUE MOSS OG 2. Describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Bryophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant and how or if life cycle generations are nutritionally dependent upon each other. (15%) (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.)3. People infected with drug resistant strains of the HIV virus were taken off of anti-HIV drugs for a period of time. Later, the patients were given the same anti-HIV drugs. These drugs then greatly reduced a newly drug-susceptible HIV population. Why did the virus population become susceptible to anti-HIV drugs after patients stopped taking the drugs? Provide a brief evolutionary explanation. (10%) 4. To reduce the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, biologists and epidemiologists recommend that physicians do not prescribe the same antibiotic repeatedly and that patients take their antibiotics (when prescribed) for the full time period. (a.) Explain why re-using the same antibiotic encourages the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and rotating use of antibiotics discourages this. (5%) (b.) In a sentence or two, explain why not taking an antibiotic for the full prescribed period encourages the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and why taking it for the full period discourages this.
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