BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009 EXAMINATION #3 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following IS an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events must be caused uniquely. b. Hypotheses can be proven True. c. Sense experience represents reality with some reasonable consistency. d. The universe is chaotic (unordered). e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of scientific philosophy) 2. Which of the following is the Phylum to which the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) belongs? a. Anthophyta b. Bryophyta c. Coniferophyta d. Lycophyta e. None of the above 3. Which of the following is the taxonomic rank between Class & Family? a. Genus b. Kingdom c. Order d. Phylum e. Species 4. Which of the following is when a bacterium takes in DNA (as a plasmid) directly from the environment? a. binary fission b. conjugation c. transcription d. transformation e. None of the above 5. Which of the following is likely the reason why in the absence of antibiotics populations of bacteria usually evolve to become susceptible to antibiotics? a. bacteria adopt and release resistance plasmids in response to antibiotics b. bacteria choose to lose resistance when no longer needed c. genetic drift causes it to happen d. resistance mutations usually carry reproductive costs 6. A population of 200 frogs is undergoing logistic pop. growth with an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10 and a carrying capacity of 2000. What is the pop. size after 1 year? a. 2 f. 202 b. 10 g. 210 c. 18 h. 218 d. 20 i. 220 e. 200 j. None of the above. 7. For a population of 300 sparrows AT Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with 48 individuals with the AA genotype, how many individuals are Aa? a. 8 f. 120 f. 10 g. 144 g. 40 h. 180 h. 48 i. 192 i. 60 j. None of the above. 8. Given the following genotypes in a population: 72 AA, 336 Aa, 392 aa. Is this population evolving with respect to the “A” gene? a. No b. Yes c. Cannot determine with the info. given. 9. Which of the following is TRUE about Coniferophyte gametophytes? a. They are the dominant generation. b. They make gametes by meiosis. c. They make spores by mitosis. d. They do not undergo photosynthesis. e. None of the above (All are false.) 10. Determine the status of the hypothesis that plant species richness will be greater in shade using these data: Mean species richness in shade = 22.4 Mean species richness in sun = 20.9 P-value = 0.08 a. Hypothesis Supported b. Hypothesis Rejected c. Cannot determine with the info. given.FILL-IN-THE-BLANK/SHORT PROBLEM.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space, sketch, or label as appropriate. (10%) 1. In the space below sketch and label a “typical” prokaryotic cell. Be certain to label at least five things. (5%) 2. In the space below sketch and label a “typical” eukaryotic cell. Be certain to label at least five things. (5%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Edge Effect: 2. Gametophyte: 3. Genetic Drift: 4. Natural Selection: 5. Pollen:BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009 - EXAMINATION #3 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Fill in the data in the table (the outgroup, liverworts, has been completed for you), then use the data in the table to construct a phylogenetic tree of the phyla in the left column. Show the derived traits/synapomorphies on your phylogenetic tree. (10%) Which life cycle generation dominant? Seeds present or absent? Heterosporous or homosporous? Apical growth present or absent? Vascular tissue present or absent? Anthophyta present Coniferophyta present Pterophyta present Bryophyta present Liverworts OG gametophyte seeds absent homosporous absent vasc. tissue absent 2. Describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Pterophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (20%) (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.)3. A single bacterium infects a small cut on Edna’s arm. One week later Edna’s wound is very suddenly red, painful and clearly infected. Her physician identifies the bacterium as Staphylococcus aureus and prescribes penicillin. The infection seems to go away and Edna stopped taking the penicillin once it seems to be gone (long before the end of her prescription). The infection again returned a little more than a week after she stopped the penicillin, so Edna took the penicillin again until it again looked like it was gone. This time it took longer for the penicillin to control the infection. The infection returned again and, this time the infection did not go away and was completely unaffected by the penicillin. a.) Describe briefly what you know about the shape, arrangement of the cells, and cell wall structure of Staphylococcus aureus. (3%) b.) Provide a plausible evolutionary explanation for why the penicillin eventually did not stop the Staphylococcus aureus infection. Explain what happened as Edna took and stopped taking the penicillin that would result in her Staphylococcus aureus infection eventually becoming unaffected by penicillin. (7%) 4. Generally explain the carbon cycle and how it is related to global climate change. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled diagram for your answer.)
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