BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006 – IN CLASS EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Senses never reflect reality. d. The universe is ordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.16, then what is the frequency of aa? a. 0.16 b. 0.36 c. 0.48 d. 0.60 e. None of the above 3. As described in The Evolution Explosion and the textbook a study of fruit fly bristles where researchers bred only flies with specific numbers of bristles demonstrated… a. artificial selection. b. genetic drift. c. mutation. d. outbreeding. e. sexual selection. 4. Death of small and large sparrows during storms as described in The Evolution Explosion is an example of… a. artificial selection. b. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. d. sexual selection. e. stabilizing selection. 5. Which of the following is an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem? a. genetic drift occurs b. gene flow from another population occurs c. mutation occurs d. natural selection occurs e. random mating occurs 6. Which of the following traditional Linnean taxonomic ranks is just “above” Class (the next most inclusive taxon)? a. Genus b. Kingdom c. Order d. Phylum e. Species 7. Which of the following is when a bacterium takes in DNA from the environment around the bacterium? a. binary fission b. conjugation c. transcription d. transformation e. None of the above 8. If a population of 2000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 2200 b. 2400 c. 2420 d. 2242 e. None of the above. 9. If a population of 1000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of 5000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 1400 b. 1700 c. 1800 d. 1904 e. None of the above. 10. Which of the following is a correct species name? a. coli b. Coli c. Escherichia d. Escherichia Coli e. None of the above SHORT ANSWER.⎯For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%)1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean classification below. (2%) Kingdom Order Species 2. Hypothesis: There will be higher species richness of forbs in buffalo grazed areas than ungrazed areas. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # forb species per m2 ungrazed = 6.33 mean # forb species per m2 grazed = 7.05 P-value = 0.049 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) Explain why ↑. (1%) 2. Identify three things that are “wrong” or misleading about this illustration. (6%) a. b. c. DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Biological Evolution: 2. Ecological Succession: 3. Genetic Drift: 4. Intermediate Nutrient Hypothesis 5. Natural Selection:BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (14%) wings meta-morphosis scales on wings larval head thorax-abdomen Moth present complete present well developed present Butterfly present complete present well developed present Bee present complete absent reduced absent Fruit Fly present complete absent reduced absent Dragonfly present incomplete absent well developed absent Springtail OG absent incomplete absent well developed absent 2. The Amazon Basin of South America (called Amazonia) is a hot, wet, flat tropical lowland forest area along the equator. (a) Briefly explain why Amazonia is climatically wet? (6%) Amazonia is one of the most species rich places on the planet. (b) What are two regional patterns of species richness that would allow you to predict that Amazonia would have high species richness? (5%) During the last ice ages there were repeated periods of thousands of years where the rainforest was broken into smaller areas separated by grassland, later the tropical forest became continuous again. (c) Briefly, how could this past pattern would have increased speciation in Amazonia? (5%)3. There is a single gene that controls the ability of the garter snake to consume rough-skinned newts that make the strong poison tetraodotoxin (TTX). Garter snakes with two resistance alleles have much more food but can then crawl only very slowly and are vulnerable to their own predators. Garter snakes with two normal alleles have less food but can crawl rapidly and are much less vulnerable to their own predators. a.) Samples of 100 individuals from two populations of this garter snake were sampled for their genotype for the tetraodotoxin resistance gene. The allele NTTX is the resistance allele. The allele NA is the normal allele. population NTTX NTTX NTTX NA NA NA rough-skinned newts Oregon population 150 800 50 present California population 0 90 910 absent Calculate the Hardy-Weinberg expected numbers for both populations and indicate if each is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (12%) b.) Interpret your results above in terms of evolution (or lack of evolution) of the two populations using all the information above. Briefly, what evolutionarily is happening in each population? (I am looking for both a general statement and a statement of specifically and mechanistically what is happening, or not happening, in each population.)
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