BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2010 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is NOT an assumption or consequence of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same general cause. b. Hypotheses cannot be proven absolutely True. c. Sense experience consistently represents reality with reasonable accuracy. d. The universe is ordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. Which of these produces the same molecular products as burning wood? a. dissociation of water b. evaporation c. glycolysis + cellular respiration d. photosynthesis e. sublimation 3. Which of the following describes the interaction of you (a human) with a sunflower seed that you eat? a. Interspecific amensalism. b. Interspecific commensalism. c. Interspecific predation. d. Intrapecific amensalism. e. Intrapecific commensalism. f. Intraspecific predation. 4. Which of the following oceanic islands should have the highest species richness? Note: N = North a. Large, far from continent, in tropics b. Large, far from continent, near 30°N lat. c. Large, far from continent, near N pole d. Large, near continent, in tropics e. Large, near continent, near 30°N lat. f. Large, near continent, near N pole g. Small, far from continent, in tropics h. Small, far from continent, near 30°N lat. i. Small, far from continent, near N pole j. Small, near continent, in tropics k. Small, near continent, near 30°N lat. l. Small, near continent, near N pole 5. Organisms with which of the following characteristics would be considered the most K-selected? a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing d. Late maturing, slowly reproducing The samples below measured the species richness of bacteria at 1:1000 dilution from soils from fertilized and unfertilized lawns. Hypothesis: Fertilizing lawns will increase bacterial species richness. Table. Species richness from 1:1000 dilution of soil samples on TSA medium. P-value for comparison between the samples from the two group = 0.073 Fertilized lawns 3 4 3 5 4 3 Unfert. lawns 4 5 3 7 5 6 6. For the study above which of the following is the treatment? a. Bacteria b. Dilution c. Fertilizer d. TSA medium e. None of the above. 7. The hypothesis is… ↑ a. rejected. b. supported. c. (this cannot be determined with these data) 8. What molecule is this? a. cellulose b. glucose c. starch d. sucrose e. None of the above 9. If a population of 5000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 500 b. 5500 c. 5550 d. 6000 e. 6050 f. 7000 g. None of the above 10. This molecule is a… a. carbohydrate. b. lipid. c. nucleic acid. d. protein.SHORT RESPONSE.⎯For the following write the appropriate number(s), formulae, and/or word(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of guinea pigs. (4%) Age Number Survivor-ship Survivor- ship Rate 0 5000 1 4800 2 4400 3 2000 ----- 3. Sketch the following molecule correctly based on what you know about typical atomic (covalent) bonding: C3H8 (2%) 2. In a couple sentences explain what this graph tells you about this population of guppies? Both explain what the graph depicts in general AND interpret the pattern visible on the graph. (4%) (# = number) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Acid: 2. Keystone Species: 3. Population: 4. Primary Producer: 5. Science: 0204060801001201400123456cohort#BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2010 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯ Address each in as concisely and lucidly. (50%) 1. A population of 1000 blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) is growing logistically and has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.01. The carrying capacity is 10,000. (a.) What is the size of this population after one year? Show your calculations. (5%) At what specific population size would the greatest number of individuals be added to this population per year? How many new whales added per year would this be? (3%) Based on your calculations above, if Japanese and Norwegian whaling fleets find this population and kill about 30 whales per year, then will this population continue to grow in number or shrink (negative growth)? briefly explain (in 1 sentence). (2%) 2. (a.) Provide the summary chemical equation for photosynthesis (4%). (b.) Generally (in a phrase or short sentence), explain why organisms undergo photosynthesis. What is the point or benefit to an organism of undergoing photosynthesis? (2%) (c.) Briefly (in a phrase or sentence) explain what photosynthesis does in the global carbon cycle? (2%) (d.) List the two things that most commonly limit photosynthesis in a terrestrial environment? (2%) 3. Briefly explain why the addition of substantial amounts of fertilizer to a lake or pond often results in a rapid decline in species richness. (5%)4. Researchers examined plant abundance and species richness in a series of abandoned farm plots in the Buell-Small Succession Study, Somerset County, New Jersey. Standardized plots in a series of abandoned fields were censused yearly in late July from 1958 until 1980 (data were obtained from http://www.ecostudies.org/bss *). (a.) First explain what ecological succession is (i.e., define it). (5%) You will evaluate these two hypotheses using the data derived from this study. Hypothesis 1: Species richness will be greatest at an intermediate successional stage. Hypothesis 2: Competitive exclusion in the final year of the study would be most intense because of expected tree growth in the last 5 years and would reduce species richness substantially with respect to the data from 5 years previous. Table 1. Species richness data from six sample plots within field three that was taken out of agricultural use in January 1960 and left as agricultural stubble after the 1959 harvest. Year Species Richness Data from the Same Six Plots P-values*-comparing sequential years 1960 15 15 20 18 19 16 - 1965 14 6 14 20 14 11