BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005 – KEY EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Senses never reflect reality. d. The universe is ordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.09, then what is the frequency of Aa? a. 0.03 b. 0.21 c. 0.33 d. 0.49 e. None of the above = 0.42 3. As described in The Evolution Explosion Alexander Flemming Discovered the antibiotic penicillin by… a. conducting clinical trials. b. examining competition among soil bacteria. c. inadvertently curing a skin infection when working with penicillin. d. observing a mold inhibiting growth in a bacterium on a Petri dish. 4. Death of small and large sparrows during storms as described in The Evolution Explosion is an example of… a. artificial selection. b. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. d. sexual selection. e. stabilizing selection. 5. Which of the following is an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem? a. genetic drift occurs b. gene flow occurs c. mutation occurs d. natural selection occurs e. random mating occurs 6. Which of the following traditional Linnean taxonomic ranks is just “above” Class (the next most inclusive taxon)? a. Genus b. Kingdom c. Order d. Phylum e. Species 7. Which of the following is when a bacterium takes in DNA from the environment around the bacterium? a. binary fission b. conjugation c. transcription d. transformation e. None of the above 8. If a population of 1,000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 500 b. 750 c. 1500 d. 2000 e. None of the above. = 2250 9. If a population of 2,000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, and a carrying capacity of 4000 then what is the size of the population after 1 year? a. 2000 b. 2100 c. 2200 = 2199.75 d. 4000 e. None of the above. 10. Which of the following is a correct species name? a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Staphylococcus Aureus c. Staphylococcus d. aureus e. None of the aboveSHORT ANSWER.For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%) 1. Look at the real data below. Male widowbirds have long tails. Males with more nests in their territories have more offspring. Nests are built by females who select among males. Mean number of nests in each territory Normal males = 0.9 Males with lengthened tails = 1.9 Males with shortened tails = 0.3 Briefly explain what the data above show and indicate which evolutionary phenomenon this demonstrates. (4%) (Hint, this example is from p. 473 in the textbook.) This is sexual selection because females are clearly selecting males based on tail length. On average, Longer Tail = More Nests 2. Identify three things that are “wrong” or misleading about this illustration. (6%) a. Depicts evolution as linear. b. Depicts evolution as progressive. c. Always male (and always a man of European descent at the right) DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Biological Evolution: Change in the intrinsic (genetic) qualities of life over time. 2. Biological Species Concept: A species is the largest unit of population in which genetic exchange is possible and that is genetically isolated from other such populations. 3. Evolutionary Species Concept: A species is a lineage of ancestor-descendant populations that maintain their own identity and has its own evolutionary fate. 4. Natural selection: Differential survival based on differences in inherited characteristics (genes). (or any of the other definitions) 5. Science: A belief that natural phenomena have natural causes that can be revealed by empirical evidence.BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (14%) horns stomach chambers carnassial teeth pouch hooves Antelope present 4 absent absent present Cow present 4 absent absent present Whale absent 4 absent absent absent Walrus absent 1 present absent absent Wolf absent 1 present absent absent Opossum OG absent 1 absent present absent 2. On August 27th 1883 the island Krakatau in Indonesia exploded in a volcanic eruption that destroyed all life on the island. The species found on the island after the eruption were monitored by biologists. The land birds and plants found on the island are presented during the 100 years after the eruption. The survey in 1933 found the island to be covered in a rainforest similar to those found nearby islands. (12%) Dates when surveys occurred # of land bird species # of plant species 1883 0 0 1908 13 105 1919 28 216 1933 29 271 1951 33 285 1984 36 291 a) Appropriately graph the number of species of birds and plants on the island after the eruption. (Label axes.) What pattern do both exhibit? Suggest an explanation for this pattern. b) Name and BRIEFLY explain, in 1-2 sentences, the process whereby an island of bare rock in 1883 became an island covered by tropical rainforest 50 years later. Krakatau Bird Species 1883-1984 Krakatau Plant Species 1883-1984 # # 1883 1984 1883 1984 time time b) This is (primary) ecological succession, change in community composition over time (often caused by intra-specific competition). a) Rapid recolonization (during early succession) followed by a slowing of the rate of increase in species richness as the climax community is approached (could mention competition). (NOT logistic growth which is a populational , not a species richness phenomenon) Wolf Seal Whale Cow Antelope no pouch carnassial teeth fourchamberedstomachhorns hooves3. Answer the following based on this