BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2003 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Sense experience reflects reality. d. The universe is disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of scientific philosophy) 2. In an experimental study, the group that does not receive the treatment is the… a. experimental group. b. naturalistic group. c. negative control group. d. positive control group. e. None of the above. 3. Which of the following would be the most effective way to decrease the size of a cockroach population in a house? a. decrease d b. decrease K c. increase d d. increase K e. increase r 4. Which of the following should have the greatest species richness? a. Baja California Peninsula. b. Catalina Island (close to California) c. Nunivak Island (close to Alaska) d. San Clemente Island (far off California) e. Southern California. 5. Which of the following habitat patches should theoretically have the most interior species? (assume all have equal area) 6. Currently, what is the most-significant cause of species becoming endangered? a. Commercial overexploitation b. Effects of exotic organism c. Habitat alteration (destruction) d. Recreational disturbance & overexploitation e. None of the above 7. Which of the following best describes the interaction between bean plants (legumes) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium)? a. Amensalism. b. Commensalism. c. Competition. d. Parasitism. e. None of the above. 8. If a population of 1,000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 500 b. 750 c. 1500 d. 2000 e. None of the above 9. Which of the following describes the distribution of Cthalamus barnacles only in the higher, dryer intertidal areas? a. Exploitative competition. b. Fundamental niche. c. Interference competition. d. Realized niche. e. None of the above. 10. Which of the following is generally the most photosynthetically productive (and thus fisheries productive) area of the ocean? a. b. a. Above the continental shelf. b. Bottom of the open ocean. c. In deep ocean trenches. c. d. d. Open ocean near the surface. e. Open ocean far below the surface.FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es), or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of sea turtles. (4.5%) Age Number Survivorship. Mortality Rate 0 5000 1 500 2 100 3 50 4 40 ---- 2. Use the data above to complete the survivorship line graph below. (1%) survivor- ship Age 3. Hypothesis: The presence of species A reduces the population size of species B. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # of species B (no sp. A) = 543.5 mean # of species B (with sp. A) = 354.9 P-value = 0.06 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) Explain why the hypothesis was supported or rejected. (2%) 4. Identify three (3) community interactions that could explain why the presence of one species reduces the population size of another species. (1.5%) 0.50 0.00 0 1 2 3 DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (For indicated questions provide an example as well.) (20%, 4% each) 1. Science: 2. Population: 3. Maritime Climate: 4. Ecological Succession (define AND provide an example): 5. Müllerian mimicry (define AND provide an example):BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2003 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS. Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. (50%) 1. A population of 100 guppies (small fish) in a pond is growing logistically and has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.95. The carrying capacity is 10,000. What is the size of this population after one year? After two years? Show your calculations. At what population size will this population be adding the greatest number of individuals per unit time? (10%) 2. Briefly provide explanations for why it is warm at the equator and cool at the poles, also explain why it is wet at the equator and dry at 30° N and S latitude. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a sketch as part of your answer.) (10%) 3. You are given the task of managing a population of quail and other species of game birds in an area near a fully protected national park. The populations of game birds outside the park were depleted through habitat destruction and over hunting. You can protect only a limited area of habitat as a protected preserve and you cannot completely prohibit hunting (although you can impose some hunting limitations). a.) Where would you place your preserve with respect to the National Park and how would you shape your preserve? Why? b.) Which individuals in the populations of these bird species would you protect from hunting to ensure a growing population? Why? (10%)4. The following is a summary of the results of a study of coyotes (Canis latrans) in western Texas. Rodents and jackrabbits consume plants. Both coyotes and mustelids are rodent predators. Coyotes also consume some plant material, jackrabbits, and very rarely mustelids. Coyotes are frequently shot by ranchers who fear coyotes will prey on young sheep or cattle. Four 5000 hectare sites were studied. In two sites coyotes were removed. Despite removal of large numbers of coyotes, removal was only partially effective and large numbers of immigrant coyotes kept the coyote population at about 50% of the size it was in the test areas where the coyotes were not removed. (A real study conducted in 1990-1992.) (20%) # Rodent Species Total # of Individual Rodents sampled # Mustelid Species (weasels, skunks, etc.) Total # of Individual Mustelids Sampled Total # of Individual Jackrabbits Sampled Coyotes remain 11 6768 5 233 235 Coyotes remain 11 5649 5 254 342 Coyotes removed 1 -Ord's kangaroo rat 9087 5 556 1540 Coyotes removed 1 -Ord's kangaroo rat 7839 5 690 3280 a. Identify the trophic “levels” (or trophic classification) of (i) the plants, (ii) the