BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2003 – IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Sense experience reflects reality. d. The universe is disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of BB is 0.09, then what is the frequency of bb? a. 0.01 b. 0.09 c. 0. 42 d. 0.91 e. None of the above 3. Short tails in Doberman pinschers as described in The Evolution Explosion are an example of which of the following? a. genetic drift b. heterozygote advantage c. natural selection d. sexual selection e. None of the above. 4. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem? a. no genetic drift b. no gene flow c. no mutation d. no natural selection e. no random mating 5. Which of the following modes of speciation does NOT involve a geographic separation of populations? a. allopatric speciation b. chloropatric speciation c. parapatric speciation d. sympatric speciation e. None of the above (All involve a geographic separation) 6. Currently, what is the most-significant cause of species becoming endangered? a. Commercial overexploitation b. Effects of exotic organism c. Habitat alteration (destruction) d. Recreational disturbance & overexploitation e. None of the above 7. The diversity of genetically determined cyanide production in white clover (p. 409 in the textbook) is a good example of… a. differing natural selection on different subpopulations. b. frequency-dependent natural selection. c. heterozygote advantage. d. neutral alleles. e. phenotypic plasticity. 8. If a population of 10,000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of 20,000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 2344 b. 12500 c. 14844 d. 15000 e. 22500 9. Which of the following is a correct species name? (house sparrow) a. domesticus b. Passer c. passer domesticus d. Passer Domesticus e. None of the above 10. Which of the following increases genetic variation in a population? a. Genetic drift b. Inbreeding c. Mutation d. Natural selection e. None of the above (all decease variation)FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space, sketch, or label as appropriate. (10%) 1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean Classification. (4%) Kingdom Order Genus 2. Fill in the lines on the population growth graphs below. (4%) Exponential Growth Logistic Growth # # time time 3. Hypothesis: The following population of pigeons has undergone evolution with respect to the “A” gene. Observed Data from Pigeon Population of 1888 # AA individuals = 1234 # Aa individuals = 651 # aa individuals = 3 Expected Data derived from the Hardy-Weinberg Equation for the Pigeon Population of 1888 # AA individuals = 1288.1824 # Aa individuals = 542.6112 # aa individuals = 57.2064 Statistical Results of a X2 Goodness of Fit Test X2-value = 75.294 P-value = 0.0001 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) Briefly explain why the hypothesis was supported or rejected. (1%) DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (For indicated questions provide an example as well.) (20%, 4% each) 1. Allopatric Speciation: 2. Genetic drift (define AND provide an example that is not mentioned elsewhere in this test): 3. Monophyletic group: 4. Natural selection (define AND provide an example that is not mentioned elsewhere in this test): 5. Science:BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2003 EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Briefly explain how the cartoon below show that natural selection would NOT favor an allele for doing something that harms the individual but is “for the good of the species.” (10%) 2. Briefly list three reasons why the image below is a very inaccurate representation of human evolution. (6%) 2. (a) Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the mammal species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. (8%) (b) Identify two monophyletic groups on the phylogenetic tree you constructed by circling them. (2%) pouch placenta # stomach chambers milk glands dolphin no pouch diffuse 4 teats cow no pouch diffuse 4 teats rat no pouch discoidal 1 nipples human no pouch discoidal 1 nipples opossum (outgroup) pouch diffuse 1 nipples4. In the 1850s the English house sparrow was introduced in the northeastern U.S.. English house sparrows do especially well around humans, eating grains and nesting on buildings, and they quickly spread throughout North America. The sparrows were moderately abundant and only found in the northeast until the late 1860s after which they became extremely abundant in the northeast and started to spread to other areas. The first English house sparrows were documented in California in 1871 and in Florida in 1882 and by 1900 were found from central Mexico to southern Canada. The North American population of English house sparrows reached its greatest size in about 1900 and remained constant until about 1920. The popularity of the automobile after 1920 resulted in fewer horses and thus less spilled horse feed, on which many sparrows fed. Therefore, the sparrow population was reduced from about 300 million to its current level of about 150 million by 1940. (24%) a.) Sketch a general graph that shows the probable change in the population size (N) of all English house sparrows in North America from 1850 until 1920. (4%) Indicate the type of population growth they exhibited and briefly explain why they exhibited this type of growth? (4%) N 1850 1920 b.) Briefly (in a sentence) explain in terms of population growth what happened between 1920 and 1940. Which population growth variable changed? (4%) c.) The book The Evolution Explosion describes the variability of house