BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2002 EXAMINATION #3 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is FALSE about science? a. It is a philosophy. b. It is a way to know objective reality exactly. c. It requires an assumption of order in the universe. d. It requires empirical evidence. e. None of the above. (All are true.) 2. Which of the following is TRUE about a member of Phylum Pterophyta? a. It produces flowers. b. It produces pollen in cones. c. It produces seeds in fruit. d. It produces spores in sori. e. None of the above. (All are false.) 3. You put a nail 2 m above the ground in a tree that grows 1.5 m taller per year. How high is the nail after 4 years? a. 2 m (meters) b. 4 m (meters) c. 6 m (meters) d. 8 m (meters) e. None of the above 4. A bacterium that obtains its energy from light and its carbon from complex carbon molecules is a…. a. chemoautotroph. b. chemoheterotroph. c. photoautotroph. d. photoheterotroph. e. None of the above 5. Which of the following is when a bacterium takes in DNA from the environment (not from another bacterium)? a. binary fission b. conjugation c. transcription d. transformation e. None of the above 6. Which of the following is TRUE about coniferophyte gametophytes? a. They are the dominant generation. b. They make gametes by mitosis. c. They make sperm by meiosis. d. They produce the sporangia. e. None of the above (All are false.) 7. Which of the following is the Kingdom to which dinoflagellates belong? a. Alveolata b. Euglenozoa c. Fungi d. Stramenopila e. None of the above 8. Your sweetheart sent you an incredible rose with many petals. When you look closely you notice that the inner petals have sterile anthers attached to them. Which of the following best explains this? a. Anthers are derived from petals. b. Both anthers and petals are modified leaves. c. The anthers and petals fused. d. The petals and sepals fused and the anthers fused to carpels. e. The stamens changed into carpels. 9. Which of the following is TRUE about a member of Kingdom Fungi? a. It engulfs food using pseudopodia. b. It is photoautotrophic. c. It moves using flagella. d. It stores energy as paramylum. e. None of the above. (All are false) 10. Which of the following diseases is spread by the bite of infected ticks? a. African sleeping sickness b. Lyme disease c. Malaria d. Tuberculosis e. None of the aboveMATCHING.For the following exercise match the taxonomic group in the right column with the corresponding organism in the left column. Each letter may be used more than once or not at all. (6%, 1% each)1. Borrelia burgdorferi 2. Escherichia coli 3. Plasmodium vivax 4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) 5. Streptococcus pyogenes 6. Trypanosoma gambiense A. Alveolata B. Chlorophyta C. Bacteria D. Euglenozoa E. Fungi F. Stramenopila FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises provide the appropriate word, words, or sketches in the available space. (24%) 1. Fill in the blanks below. (6%) The three DOMAINS of life are… , , and . 2. In the space below sketch and label a “typical” bacterial cell. Be certain to label at least four things. (8%) 3. Organisms in which plant phylum do not have stomata? . (1%) 4. Label derived characteristic for each of the indicated branches below. (6%) Chlorophyta Coleochete Plantae B C A a. b. c. 5. Label the layers of the following structure removed from a coniferophyte cone. (3%) A B C a. b. c.BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2002 EXAMINATION #3 (PART 2) Name Date DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each). 1. Science: 2. Endosymbiotic Theory of Eukaryotic Origins: 3. Fruit: 4. Mycelium 5. Pollen: LONG ANSWER.Address the following question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (10%) 1. These questions are based upon lecture and the videos segments from the video series Evolution shown in class. a.) Briefly explain how drug resistance arises and becomes predominant in bacteria and viruses. (5%) b.) Briefly, identify two conditions in Russian prisons that made the evolution of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis more likely to occur there. (2%) c.) HIV infected people with resistant strains of the HIV virus were taken off of anti-HIV drugs for a period of time. Later, the patients were given the same anti-HIV drugs which then reduced the now susceptible HIV population. Why did the virus population change, becoming susceptible to anti-HIV drugs? Provide an evolutionary explanation. (3%)LONG ANSWERS (CONTINUED).For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (20%) 1. A single Staphylococcus aureus bacterium (a Gram + bacterium) infects a small cut on Herb’s arm. One week later Herb’s wound is very suddenly red, painful and clearly infected. His physician identifies the bacterium as Staphylococcus aureus and prescribes penicillin. The infection continues and worsens over the following week or two despite Herb’s taking penicillin as prescribed. a.) Describe in one short sentence what you know about the shape, arrangement of the cells, and cell wall structure of Staphylococcus aureus. (3%) b.) Draw an approximate graph of the population size of Staphylococcus aureus in Herb’s cut from the initial infection to one week. (Remember to label the axes.) Label the type of population growth. How does this explain the suddenness of the onset of his symptoms? (4%) c.) Provide a 1-sentence-long plausible explanation for why the penicillin did not stop the Staphylococcus aureus infection. Then in another sentence indicate if the choice of penicillin by the physician was appropriate for this type of bacterium. (Why? Or Why not?) (3%) 2. Describe the life cycle of a member of Phylum Pterophyta. Include all life cycle stages and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Which life cycle generation is considered to be dominant. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.)