BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2007 – IN CLASS EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Senses consistently reflect reality. d. The universe is completely disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.09, then what is the frequency of Aa? a. 0.91 b. 0.49 c. 0.42 d. 0.09 e. None of the above 3. As described in The Evolution Explosion and the textbook a study of fruit fly bristles where researchers bred only flies with specific numbers of bristles demonstrated… a. artificial selection. b. genetic drift. c. mutation. d. outbreeding. e. sexual selection. 4. Death of small and large sparrows during storms as described in The Evolution Explosion is an example of… a. artificial selection. b. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. d. sexual selection. e. stabilizing selection. 5. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem? a. no genetic drift occurs b. no gene flow from another pop. occurs c. no mutation occurs d. no natural selection occurs e. nonrandom mating occurs 6. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the number of individuals in a population of 200 that are BB is 8, then what is the frequency of Bb? a. 192 b. 128 c. 92 d. 64 e. None of the above 7. If a population of 4000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 4840 b. 4400 c. 800 d. 400 e. None of the above 8. If a population of 2500 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of 5000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 3750 b. 3125 c. 1250 d. 625 e. None of the above. 10. In an experimental study, the group that does not receive the treatment and is the basis for comparison in the… a. experimental/treatment group b. naturalistic group c. negative control group d. positive control group 10. Which of the following is a correct species name? a. Bos b. Bos Taurus c. bos taurus d. Taurus e. taurus f. None of the aboveSHORT ANSWER.⎯For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%) 1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean classification below. (2%) Phylum Order Genus 2. Hypothesis: There will be higher species richness of insects in buffalo grazed areas than ungrazed areas. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # insect species per m2 ungrazed = 7.33 mean # insect species per m2 grazed = 9.05 P-value = 0.062 Hypothesis is supported / rejected. (circle one) (1%) Explain why ↑. (1%) 2. Identify three things that are “wrong” or misleading about this illustration. (6%) a. b. c. DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Ecological Succession: 2. Genetic Drift: 3. Monophyletic Group: 4. Primary Production: 5. Natural Selection:BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2007, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (14%) 1st limbs 2nd limbs head abdomen abdomen legs Blk. Widow fangs simple large unsegment. absent Orb Weaver fangs simple large unsegment. absent Tick simple simple reduced unsegment. absent Mite simple simple reduced unsegment. absent Scorpion simple claws large segmented absent Horseshoe Crab OG simple claws large segmented present 2. Based on a real study of the human MN blood group system in 671 Europeans in 1994, they found 157 MM individuals, 386 MN individuals, and 128 NN individuals. (Note: In this blood system, the alleles are indicated by the different capital letters “M” and “N.”) a.) Show the calculations that you use to determine if the MN blood group gene is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in this population and state if the population is at H.-W. Equilibrium. (Note: You will not use a statistical test to make this determination for this question on this exam.) (10%) b.) Based on the determination you made in 2.a., what would be a logical biological explanation for what you observed (based on some of the processes discussed in class). (3%)3. Briefly explain the differences between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species concepts. Then briefly (in no more than 2 sentences) explain why there is controversy among biologists concerning the exact definition of species. (8%) 4. Two bacteria, the black plague bacterium and the tuberculosis bacterium (also called the white plague bacterium), killed many Europeans in the Middle Ages. Black plague kills 80%-95% of its sufferers within a few days to a few weeks, the remaining 5%-20% of those infected recover. Tuberculosis kills 5% of its sufferers within a year, the other 95% do not show disease symptoms for 2-50 years. The tuberculosis bacterium eventually kills all (100%) infected persons who do not die of other causes, and caused about 20% of all deaths during the Middle Ages in Europe. Black plague in Europe in 1347-1351 reduced the population by one third (the pop. decreased by over 25,000,000). However, European population density continued to increase during times of increased tuberculosis (but no black plague). Briefly, based on principles discussed in this class, explain why black plague, which had a lower mortality per infection (80%-95%), reduced the European population and tuberculosis (mortality per infection 100%) did not?
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