BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be True. c. Sense experience reflects reality. d. The universe is disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. Members of which of the following phyla are diploblastic? a. Arthropoda b. Cnidaria c. Molluska d. Nematoda e. None of the above 3. Which of the following organisms is most closely related to YOU (a human) in an evolutionary sense? a. ant b. butterfly c. earthworm d. jellyfish e. starfish 4. Which of the following is a correct species name (for the white-tailed deer)? a. odocoileus b. odocoileus virginianus c. Odocoileus virginianus d. virginianus e. None of the above 5. Which of the following increases overall genetic variation? a. genetic drift b. inbreeding c. mutation d. natural selection e. None of the above (all decrease variation) 6. Which of the following organisms is most closely related to YOU (a human) in an evolutionary sense? a. apple tree (flowering plant) b. bacterium c. green alga (such as sea lettuce) d. fern e. mushroom 7. Organisms in which of the following phyla includes the flatworms? a. Annelida b. Arthropoda c. Nematoda d. Platyhelminthes e. None of the above 8. If a population of 5,000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 500 b. 1000 c. 5100 d. 5200 e. None of the above 9. If a population of 2,000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.20, and a carrying capacity of 4,000 then what is the size of the population after 1 year? a. 200 b. 400 c. 2200 d. 2400 e. None of the above 10. The lining of the digestive tract forms from which type of tissue? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. pachydermFILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. (4%) 1. Fill in the appropriate two-word label for the following epithelium. (2%) 2. The vertebrate Class that includes the ray-finned fishes is the… . (1%) 3. Fill in a derived characteristic for each branch on the following phylogeny. (2%, 0.5% each) Platyhel- Arthro- minthes Molluska Annelida Nematoda poda a. b. c. d. CDAB DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each) 1. connective tissue: 2. bone tissue: 3. collagen: 4. neuron: 5. science:BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (25%) 1. Calculate the values for a cohort of a population of sparrows in the table at left (2%)and graph the survivorship in the left graph (2%). Then use the population size data for the same population over the same time period to graph population size (2%). Then explain why the two graphs differ in the trends they show, and what the relationship likely is between the two sets of numbers (2%). Age in years Number Alive Survivorship Year Population Size 0 (1990) 1000 1990 1350 1 (1991) 150 1991 1275 2 (1992) 50 1992 1500 3 (1993) 25 1993 1420 4 (1994) 5 1994 1300 2. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at each stage. (5%) Feel free but do not feel obliged to use sketches in your answer.3. Based on your reading of The Evolution Explosion… (a.) Explain what Bt toxin is and why is it called Bt (Hint: capital B, lower case t)? (1%) (b.) Why did insect resistance to a Bt toxin that was genetically engineered into cotton evolve very rapidly whereas it took much longer for insects to evolve resistance to regularly applied Bt? (2%) (c.) Why is Monsanto, the company that genetically engineered crops to produce Bt toxin, requiring farmers to plant “pest refuges” when using their Bt-gene modified crops? (2%) 4. Explain Type I and Type II Diabetes. Be certain to explain what happens normally, and what, in particular, goes wrong in each of these types of diabetes. (8%)BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. In an experimental study, the group that is used to check that the treatment is working (for which the outcome is already known) is the… a. experimental group. b. naturalistic group. c. negative control group. d. positive control group. e. None of the above. 2. Which of the following best describes the community ecology relationship of a mouse eating a sunflower seed? a. amensalism b. commensalism c. grazing d. mutualism e. predation 3. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.49, then what is the frequency of aa? a. 0.42 b. 0.51 c. 0.70 d. 1.00 e. None of the above 4. In a population of 100 individuals at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if there are 25 BB individuals, how many Bb individuals should there be? a. 5 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75 e. None of the above 5. Given the following genotypes in a population: 72BB, 96Bb, 32bb. Is this population evolving with respect to the “B” gene? a. No b. Yes c. Cannot determine with the information given. 6. As described in The Evolution Explosion human fisheries (fishing) have caused individuals in many fish populations to be genetically smaller because… a. the resultant small population sizes cause genetic drift. b. fisheries are strong directional natural selection for size. c. fisheries are strong disruptive natural selection for size. d. fisheries cause founder events. 7. As described in The Evolution Explosion when organophosphate pesticides are no longer used on mosquitos, their populations… a. become lower in size