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RU BL 262 - Examination

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BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2004 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) - KEY Name Key Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Sense experience consistently misrepresents reality. d. The universe is ordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of scientific philosophy) 2. Which of the following BEST explains why open ocean photosynthesis is limited? a. Currents move photosynthesizers. b. Human fishing activities. c. Nutrients sink into deep water. d. The ocean is cool or cold. e. There are few places for photosynthesizers to “root.” 3. In an experimental study, the group that receives the treatment and the outcome is not “known” beforehand is the… a. experimental group. b. naturalistic group. c. negative control group. d. positive control group. e. None of the above. 4. Why is it warmer nearer the equator? a. The equator is closer to the sun. b. The equator receives more direct sunlight. c. The earth spins on its axis. d. Warm air rises at the equator. e. None of the above 5. Which of the following habitat patches should theoretically have the most edge species? (assume all have equal area) 6. Currently, what is the most-significant cause of species becoming endangered? a. Commercial overexploitation b. Effects of exotic organism c. Habitat alteration (destruction) d. Recreational disturbance & overexploitation e. None of the above 7. Which of the following describes the interaction between a mouse and a sunflower seed? a. Amensalism. b. Commensalism. c. Parasitism. d. Parasitoidism. e. None of the above. 8. If a population of 500 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 375 b. 500 c. 1000 d. 1125 e. None of the above 9. In which of the following places would you expect to have the most species? (circle the correct answer to 9 on the map below) 10. In which of the following places would you expect to have the least species? (put a box/square around the correct answer to 10 on the map below) a. b. c. d. a. d. c. b.continent continent e.FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es), or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of sea turtles. (3%) Age Number Survivorship Rate Mortality Rate 0 2000 0.50 0.50 1 1000 0.50 0.50 2 500 0.50 0.50 3 250 0.50 0.50 4 125 ---- ---- 2. Fill in the approximate lines on the graphs below. (3%) species species rich- rich- ness ness low high low high disturbance frequency nutrient level 3. Hypothesis: The forb species Oxytropis lambertii will be more dense in areas that do not experience wildfires. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # of Oxytropis lambertii, no fires = 0.3 mean # of Oxytropis lambertii, fires = 3.4 P-value = 0.001 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) REJECTED Explain why ↑. (1%) There is a significant difference between treatment and control in the opposite direction of the hypothesis. 4. Sketch and correctly label a typical BIOMASS pyramid for a terrestrial ecosystem. Include the names of at least 3 trophic levels. (2%) DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (For indicated questions provide an example as well.) (20%, 4% each) 1. Ecological Succession: Change in community structure over time (usually regulated by competition). 2. Edge Effect: A region of a habitat patch affected by the adjacent habitat. 3. Net Primary Production: Production of biologically useful energy by using sunlight (or by using some other kind of non-biological energy source). 4. Plant Secondary Compounds: Chemicals produced by plants that either poison an attacking animal or make consumption of the plant not worth the animal’s effort. 5. Subpopulation Rescue Effect: The maintenance of a sink population by emigration from a source population Primary Producers Herbivores (1° Consumers) 1° Carnivores (2° Consumers)BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2004 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Key Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS. Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. (50%) 1. A population of 200 gorillas growing logistically and has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.01. The carrying capacity is 10000. What is the size of this population after one year? After two years? Show your calculations. At what population size (N) will this population be adding the greatest number of individuals per unit time? (10%) * ∆N/∆t = 0.01 (200) [(10000-200)/10000] = 1.96 (rounding is OK) size after 1 year = 200 + 1.96 = 201.96 (4%) * ∆N/∆t = 0.01 (201.96) [(10000-201.96)/10000] = 1.98 (rounding is OK) size after 2 years = 201.96 + 1.98 = 203.94 (4%) * The population would grow most rapidly at ½ K ( ½ carrying capacity) which would be at 5,000. (2%, students could either explain or provide the number 5000) 2. Briefly provide an explanation for why it is wet at the equator and dry at 30° North and South latitude. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a sketch as part of your answer.) (10%) This wet dry pattern is due to air circulation cells (also called the intertropcal convergence). The equator is warmer thus the warmer and wetter air at the equator rises. As it rises, it cools releasing its moisture as rain (5%). The air moves at high altitude to 30°N and S latitude where it descends and warms. As it warms its moisture capacity increases and it absorbs moisture from the land (5%). (The air then moves at low altitude back towards the equator.) 3. Two bacteria, Yersina pestis, the black plague bacterium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tuberculosis bacterium (also called the white plague bacterium), killed many Europeans in the Middle Ages. Black plague kills 80%-95% of its sufferers within a few weeks, the remaining 5%-20% of those infected recover. Black plague in Europe in 1347-1351 reduced the population by one third (25,000,000+). Tuberculosis kills 5% of its sufferers within a year, the other 95% do not show


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