BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 – IN CLASS - EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple-choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Senses consistently reflect reality. d. The universe is completely disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.64, then what is the frequency of aa? a. 0.04 b. 0.16 c. 0.32 d. 0.36 e. 0.64 f. 0.80 g. None of the above 3. Death of small and large sparrows during storms as described in The Evolution Explosion is an example of… a. artificial selection. b. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. d. sexual selection. e. stabilizing selection. 4. Which of the following most limits open ocean aquatic primary production? a. Light intensity and nutrients. b. Light intensity and precipitation. c. Light intensity and temperature. d. Nutrients and temperature. e. Precipitation and temperature 5. Which of the following ponds should have the greatest species richness? a. Large, far from lake, high nutrients b. Large, far from lake, moderate nutrients c. Large, far from lake, low nutrients d. Large, near lake, high nutrients e. Large, near lake, moderate nutrients f. Large, near lake, low nutrients g. Small, far from lake, high nutrients h. Small, far from lake, moderate nutrients i. Small, far from lake, low nutrients j. Small, near lake, high nutrients k. Small, near lake, moderate nutrients l. Small, near lake, low nutrients The m2 quadrat samples below measured the number of species of forbs present in prairies. The hypothesis is that presence of buffalo in a prairie will cause greater forb species richness. Table. Number of forb species in each m2 quadrat. P-value for comparison between data from the 2 areas = 0.107 buffalo present 5 4 0 6 5 5 buffalo absent 4 1 1 2 4 2 6. For the study above which of the following is the treatment? ↑ a. Buffalo. b. Number of forb species per m2. c. Repeating the sampling. d. Use of quadrats. e. None of the above. 7. The hypothesis is… ↑ a. rejected. b. supported. c. (this cannot be determined with these data) 8. For the study above which of the following larger evolutionary concepts most likely led to the proposed hypothesis? ↑ a. Edge effect b. Ecological succession c. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis d. Keystone species e. Rescue effect 9. If a population of 1000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, and a carrying capacity of 10000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? (round the answer to nearest integer if needed) a. 1090 b. 1100 c. 1174 d. 1180 e. 1187 f. 1200 10. Which of the following is a correct species name for the strep throat bacterium? a. pyogenes b. pyogenes c. streptococcus pyogenes d. streptococcus pyogenes e. Streptococcus pyogenes f. Streptococcus pyogenes g. Streptococcus Pyogenes h. Streptococcus PyogenesSHORT ANSWER.⎯For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%) 1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean classification below. (2%) Family Genus Species 2. Hypothesis: There will be higher species richness of bacteria on men’s faces than women’s faces. Data Based on Swab Samples mean # bacteria spp. per swab -men = 8.32 mean # bacteria spp. per swab - women = 9.15 P-value = 0.045 Hypothesis is supported / rejected. (1%) (circle one) Explain why ↑. (1%) 3. Briefly explain what comparison of the two graphs (to the right) constructed using data taken from the same population reveal about this population. (4%) → ( # = number) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. (Bacterial) Transformation: 2. Competitive Exclusion: 3. Genetic Drift: 4. Natural Selection: 5. Rain Shadow Effect: 0204060801001201402000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year 0204060801001201400123456Age in 2003 # in 2000 co-hort # in pop.BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (10%) upper jaw mobility upper jaw bones use of lungs 1st three vertebrae fin spines Bass moves 1 bouyancy simple present Floundermoves 1 bouyancy simple present Catfish moves 2 bouyancy enlarged absent Minnow moves 2 bouyancy enlarged absent Bowfin moves 2 breathing simple absent Lungfish Outgroup fixed 2 breathing simple absent 2. In the space below sketch and label all the important structures in a prokaryotic cell. (You must label the five things that almost all prokaryotic cells have.) (10%) 3. For a population is composed of individuals with the following genotypes. DD = 330 Dd = 340 dd = 330 a.) Is the “B-b gene” in this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Note: Generally show your calculations and you will not use a statistical test, simply compare.) (8%) b.) Based on the determination you made in 3.a. above, what would be a logical biological interpretation for what you observed (based on processes discussed in class). What could explain the concordance with or deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Do not exceed 1-2 sentences.) (2%)4. (a.) Write the summary chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis. Be sure to include the chemical symbols if you use the names of each molecule. (2%). (b.) Explain the carbon cycle making reference to how photosynthesis and carbon compounds are represented in the cycle. Be certain to include important forms of carbon and important processes. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled diagram for your answer.) (6%) Generally explain how the carbon cycle relates to concerns about global climate change (in 1 sentence). (2%) 5. Based on the videos observed in class and your reading of