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RU BL 262 - Examination

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BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005 TAKE-HOME EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events must be caused uniquely. b. Hypotheses can be proven True. c. Sense experience always misrepresents reality. d. The universe is chaotic. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of scientific philosophy) 2. Which of the following BEST explains the distribution of terrestrial biomes? a. Light intensity and nutrients. b. Light intensity and precipitation. c. Light intensity and temperature. d. Nutrients and temperature. e. Precipitation and temperature 3. Which of the following is the reason that most of the Earth experiences pronounced seasons? a. The Earth is slightly closer to the sun at some times than at other times. b. The Earth spins on its axis. c. The Earth’s axis is tilted. d. The Earth’s orbit is elliptical. e. None of the above. 4. Why is it wetter nearer the equator? a. Mountains run along the equator. b. The equator is closer to the sun. c. The earth spins on its axis. d. Warm air rises at the equator. e. None of the above 5. Which of the following habitat patches should theoretically have the LEAST edge species? (assume all have equal area) 6. Which of the following is generally the most photosynthetically productive area of the ocean? a. Above the continental shelf. b. Bottom of the open ocean. c. In deep ocean trenches. d. Open ocean near the surface. e. Open ocean far below the surface and far above the bottom. 7. Which of the following describes the interaction between a dung beetle and a cow (the cow makes dung)? a. Amensalism. b. Commensalism. c. Parasitism. d. Parasitoidism. e. None of the above. 8. If a population of 1000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.20, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 240 b. 400 c. 1400 d. 1440 e. None of the above 9. Organisms with which of the following characteristics could support the greatest amount of harvest of individuals. a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing d. Late maturing, slowly reproducing 10. Which of the following would be the most effective way to decrease the size of a cockroach population in a house? a. decrease d b. decrease K c. increase d d. increase K e. increase r a. b. c. d.FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es), or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of fish. (4%) Age Number Survivorship Survivorship Rate 0 1000 1.000 0.100 1 100 0.100 0.500 2 50 0.050 0.800 3 40 0.040 0.875 4 35 0.035 ---- 3. Circle the ISLAND on the map below that would have the highest species richness. (2%) 2. Draw graphs (one graph for each column of data) for the fish cohort in the life table. (4%) 1.00 Survivorship 1.00 Survivorship Rate 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Ecological Succession: Change in community structure over time (usually regulated by competition). 2. Hypothetico-deductive Method: Testing a hypothesis (general conclusion) with specific data. 3. Keystone Species: A species whose influence on species richness is greater than expected based on numbers. 4. Negative Control Group: Group treated the same as the experimental/treatment group except that it doesn’t receive the treatment. (It’s a basis for comparison.) 5. Population: All the individuals of the same species in a given/identified area.BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2005 TAKE-HOME EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS. Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. (50%) 1. A population of 1000 guppies (little fish) in a small pond is growing logistically and has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 2.00. The carrying capacity is 10000. What is the size of this population after one year? After two years? After three years? Show your calculations. (12%) * ∆N/∆t = 2.00 (1000) [(10000-1000)/10000] = 1800 size after 1 year = 1000 + 1800 = 2800 (4%) * ∆N/∆t = 2.00 (2800) [(10000-2800)/10000] = 4032 size after 2 years = 2800 + 4032 = 6832 (4%) * ∆N/∆t = 2.00 (6832) [(10000-6832)/10000] = 4328.75 size after 2 years = 6832 + 4328.75 = 11160.45 (4%) (Over K, OK if given as 10000) 2. Briefly provide an explanation for why Seattle, WA on the coast is wet and Spokane, WA on the other side of the mountains and inland is comparatively dry. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a sketch as part of your answer.) (10%) This can be called a rain shadow effect. Warm wet air flows up one side of a mountain where it cools and drops its moisture as precipitation. As it crests the mountain it is cool dry air. The cool dry air descends the other side of the mountain where it warms and may absorb moisture.. Thus the windward side tends to be wet and the leeward side tends to be dry. 3. The following is a data table that includes data on people in the United States who were born in 1987. The number (rounded to the nearest thousand) of people who were born in 1987 who are within the territorial boundaries of the United States are indicated for each year from 1987 through 1992 (these are real data). Examine the table and answer the following. year Number of people in U.S., who were born in 1987 1986 0 1987 3,684,000 1988 3,605,000 1989 3,625,000 1990 3,635,000 1991 3,677,000 1992 3,675,000 a) What is the most likely explanation for the change between 1987 and 1988? (2%) mortality (specifically infant mortality) … or emigration (it’s really because of mortality) b) What is the most likely explanation (in fact it’s the only possible explanation) for the increase between 1988 and 1991 in the number of people who were born in 1987 present in the U.S.? (2%) immigration4. The table summarizes the results of a study of removal of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Female cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The


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