BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2004 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Sense experience consistently misrepresents reality. d. The universe is ordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of scientific philosophy) 2. Which of the following BEST explains why open ocean photosynthesis is limited? a. Currents move photosynthesizers. b. Human fishing activities. c. Nutrients sink into deep water. d. The ocean is cool or cold. e. There are few places for photosynthesizers to “root.” 3. In an experimental study, the group that receives the treatment and the outcome is not “known” beforehand is the… a. experimental group. b. naturalistic group. c. negative control group. d. positive control group. e. None of the above. 4. Why is it warmer nearer the equator? a. The equator is closer to the sun. b. The equator receives more direct sunlight. c. The earth spins on its axis. d. Warm air rises at the equator. e. None of the above 5. Which of the following habitat patches should theoretically have the most edge species? (assume all have equal area) 6. Currently, what is the most-significant cause of species becoming endangered? a. Commercial overexploitation b. Effects of exotic organism c. Habitat alteration (destruction) d. Recreational disturbance & overexploitation e. None of the above 7. Which of the following describes the interaction between a mouse and a sunflower seed? a. Amensalism. b. Commensalism. c. Parasitism. d. Parasitoidism. e. None of the above. 8. If a population of 500 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 375 b. 500 c. 1000 d. 1125 e. None of the above 9. In which of the following places would you expect to have the most species? (circle the correct answer to 9 on the map below) 10. In which of the following places would you expect to have the least species? (put a box/square around the correct answer to 10 on the map below) a. b. c. d. a. d. c. b.continent continent e.FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es), or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of sea turtles. (3%) Age Number Survivorship Rate Mortality Rate 0 2000 1 1000 2 500 3 250 4 125 ---- ---- 2. Fill in the approximate lines on the graphs below. (3%) species species rich- rich- ness ness low high low high disturbance frequency nutrient level 3. Hypothesis: The forb species Oxytropis lambertii will be more dense in areas that do not experience wildfires. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # of Oxytropis lambertii, no fires = 0.3 mean # of Oxytropis lambertii, fires = 3.4 P-value = 0.001 Hypothesis supported or rejected? (1%) Explain why ↑. (1%) 4. Sketch and correctly label a typical BIOMASS pyramid for a terrestrial ecosystem. Include the names of at least 3 trophic levels. (2%) DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (For indicated questions provide an example as well.) (20%, 4% each) 1. Ecological Succession: 2. Edge Effect: 3. Net Primary Production: 4. Plant Secondary Compounds: 5. Subpopulation Rescue Effect:BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2004 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS. Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. (50%) 1. A population of 200 gorillas growing logistically and has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.01. The carrying capacity is 10000. What is the size of this population after one year? After two years? Show your calculations. At what population size (N) will this population be adding the greatest number of individuals per unit time? (10%) 2. Briefly provide an explanation for why it is wet at the equator and dry at 30° North and South latitude. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a sketch as part of your answer.) (10%) 3. Two bacteria, Yersina pestis, the black plague bacterium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tuberculosis bacterium (also called the white plague bacterium), killed many Europeans in the Middle Ages. Black plague kills 80%-95% of its sufferers within a few weeks, the remaining 5%-20% of those infected recover. Black plague in Europe in 1347-1351 reduced the population by one third (25,000,000+). Tuberculosis kills 5% of its sufferers within a year, the other 95% do not show disease symptoms for 2-50 years. The tuberculosis bacterium eventually kills all (100%) infected persons and caused about 20% of all deaths during the Middle Ages in Europe. However, European population density continued to increase during times of increased tuberculosis. Briefly explain why black plague, which had a lower mortality per infection (80%-95%), reduced the European population and tuberculosis (mortality per infection 100%) did not? (10%)4. On August 27th 1883 the island Krakatau in Indonesia between Java and Sumatra effectively exploded as volcanic eruptions ripped it apart and turned the surface into sterile molten rock. All life on the island was destroyed. The species found on the island after this event were monitored by biologists. The land birds (this excludes sea-going birds such as gulls) and plants found on the island are presented during the 100 years after the eruption are indicated. The survey in 1933 found the island to be covered in a typical rainforest of the southeast Asian tropics similar to those found on Java and Sumatra. Previous to this date the vegetation was lower and more open. (20%) Dates when surveys occurred # of land bird species # of bird local extinctions since last survey # of bird colonization since last survey # of plant species 1883 0 all - 0 1908 13 0 13 105 1919 28 2 17 216 1933 29 3 4 271 1951 33 3 7 285 1984 36 4 7 291 a. Name and BRIEFLY explain, in 1-2 sentences, the process that occurred turning Krakatoa from an island of bare rock in 1883 to an island covered by tropical rainforest