BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be True. b. Sense experience consistently but not absolutely reflects reality. c. The universe is ordered. d. None of the above. (All are assumptions) 2. Which of the following is an echinoderm? a. dog b. earthworm c. jellyfish / seajelly d. tapeworm e. starfish / seastar 3. Which of the following increases genetic variation? a. artificial selection b. genetic drift c. mutation d. natural selection e. None of the above (all decrease variation) The samples below measured the species richness of grasses in m2 areas that are not fertilized and areas that are fertilized. The hypothesis is that fertilizing will increase grass species richness. Table. Grass species richness per m2 quadrat samples. P-value for comparison of samples from the areas = 0.03 Unfert. area 4 3 5 2 4 3 Fertilized area 2 3 3 2 1 2 4. For the study above which of the following is the treatment? ↑ a. Fertilizing. b. Quadrat sampling. c. Repeating the sampling. d. The grasses. e. None of the above. 5. The hypothesis is… ↑ a. rejected. b. supported. c. (this cannot be determined with these data) 6. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.36, then what is the frequency of aa? a. 0.16 b. 0.36 c. 0.48 d. 0.84 e. None of the above 7. If a population of 10000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of 100000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? (round ≥0.5 up and <0.5 down if needed) a. 19900 b. 20000 c. 21540 d. 22580 e. None of the above. 8. Which of the following theoretically should have the lowest species richness? a. large long island far from continent b. large long island near continent c. small long island far from continent d. small long island near continent e. large round island far from continent f. large round island near continent g. small round island far from continent h. small round island near continent 9. The lining of the digestive tract develops from which type of tissue? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. pachyderm 10. Which of the following is a correct species name (for the guppy)? a. Poecilia b. Poecilia reticulata c. Poecilia Reticulata d. Poecilia reticulata e. reticulata f. reticulata g. None of the aboveFILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. (5%) 1. The animal depicted below is a member of which Phylum? (1%) 2. In the space below provide the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis AND explain the overall “point” of the process for an organism that undergoes photosynthesis. (3%) Where does photosynthesis occur in a eukaryotic cell. (1%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases, define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each) 1. connective tissue: 2. cnidocyte: 3. homeostasis: 4. natural selection: 5. science:BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. 1. Fill in the data in the table (the outgroup, Cnidaria, has been completed for you), then use the data in the table to construct a phylogenetic tree of the phyla in the left column. Show the derived traits/synapomorphies on your phylogenetic tree. (6%) Diploblastic or Triploblastic Molting present or absent? Mesoderm pres. or absent? Radial or spiral cleavage? Trochophore larva? Chordata radial cleavage t. larva absent Molluska spiral cleavage t. larva PRESENT Annelida spiral cleavage t. larva PRESENT Arthropoda spiral cleavage t. larva absent Nematoda spiral cleavage t. larva absent Cnidaria OG diploblastic molting absent mesoderm absent radial cleavage t. larva absent 2. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at each stage. (6%) Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled sketches in your answer.3. In this class, students read a large portion of the book The Evolution Explosion. (a.) Briefly (1-2 sentences) explain what the primary over-all point of the book is. What is the point that the author is trying to make with all of his examples? (2%) (b.) Briefly (1-2 sentences) explain how Dr. Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, as described in the Evolution Explosion. (2%) (c.) Briefly (1-2 sentences) explain how and why resistance to penicillin arose so quickly in disease causing bacteria. Provide at least two reasons. (2%) 4. Explain what the terms coelomate, acoelomate, and pseudocoelomate mean? Provide an example of an organism that could be described as each of these. Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled sketches for your answer. (5%) 5. Identify ONE characteristic unique to all animals in phylum Chordata. Then indicate what the structure is in you (a human) and a lancelet (a cephalochordate). (2%)BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following best describes the community ecology relationship of a largemouth bass eating a small young largemouth bass? a. Interspecific amensalism b. Intraspecific amensalism c. Interspecific commensalism d. Intraspecific commensalism e. Interspecific grazing f. Intraspecific grazing g. Interspecific predation h. Intraspecific predation i. None of the above 2. Is a population with the following genotypes at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 180BB 840Bb 980bb ? a. No b. Yes c. Cannot be determined with the information provided. 3. Which of the following describes a bacterium that causes severe disease solely because of the reproduction of the