BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2002 - KEY EXAMINATION #3 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is FALSE about science? a. It is a philosophy. b. It is a way to know objective reality exactly. c. It requires an assumption of order in the universe. d. It requires empirical evidence. e. None of the above. (All are true.) 2. Which of the following is TRUE about a member of Phylum Pterophyta? a. It produces flowers. b. It produces pollen in cones. c. It produces seeds in fruit. d. It produces spores in sori. e. None of the above. (All are false.) 3. You put a nail 2 m above the ground in a tree that grows 1.5 m taller per year. How high is the nail after 4 years? a. 2 m (meters) b. 4 m (meters) c. 6 m (meters) d. 8 m (meters) e. None of the above 4. A bacterium that obtains its energy from light and its carbon from complex carbon molecules is a…. a. chemoautotroph. b. chemoheterotroph. c. photoautotroph. d. photoheterotroph. e. None of the above 5. Which of the following is when a bacterium takes in DNA from the environment (not from another bacterium)? a. binary fission b. conjugation c. transcription d. transformation e. None of the above 6. Which of the following is TRUE about coniferophyte gametophytes? a. They are the dominant generation. b. They make gametes by mitosis. c. They make sperm by meiosis. d. They produce the sporangia. e. None of the above (All are false.) 7. Which of the following is the Kingdom to which dinoflagellates belong? a. Alveolata b. Euglenozoa c. Fungi d. Stramenopila e. None of the above 8. Your sweetheart sent you an incredible rose with many petals. When you look closely you notice that the inner petals have sterile anthers attached to them. Which of the following best explains this? [All students given credit.] a. Anthers are derived from petals. b. Both anthers filaments and petals are modified leaves. c. The anthers and petals fused. d. The petals and sepals fused and the anthers fused to carpels. e. The stamens changed into carpels. 9. Which of the following is TRUE about a member of Kingdom Fungi? a. It engulfs food using pseudopodia. b. It is photoautotrophic. c. It moves using flagella. d. It stores energy as paramylum. e. None of the above. (All are false) 10. Which of the following diseases is spread by the bite of infected ticks? a. African sleeping sickness b. Lyme disease c. Malaria d. Tuberculosis e. None of the aboveMATCHING.For the following exercise match the taxonomic group in the right column with the corresponding organism in the left column. Each letter may be used more than once or not at all. (6%, 1% each)1. Borrelia burgdorferi C 2. Escherichia coli C 3. Plasmodium vivax A 4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) E 5. Streptococcus pyogenes C 6. Trypanosoma gambiense D A. Alveolata B. Chlorophyta C. Bacteria D. Euglenozoa E. Fungi F. Stramenopila FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises provide the appropriate word, words, or sketches in the available space. (24%) 1. Fill in the blanks below. (6%) The three DOMAINS of life are… Archaea , Bacteria , and Eukarya . 2. In the space below sketch and label a “typical” bacterial cell. Be certain to label at least four things. (8%) 3. Organisms in which plant phylum do not have stomata? Hepatophyta (liverworts) . (1%) 4. Label derived characteristic for each of the indicated branches below. (6%) Chlorophyta Coleochete Plantae B C A a. starch or chlorophyll b b. cuticle or UV pigments or… c. gametangia or spore covering 5. Label the layers of the following structure removed from a coniferophyte cone. (3%) A B C a. integuments b. sporangium c. female gametophyte flagellum cytoplasmcell wall plasma membrane DNA pilusBIOLOGY 262, FALL 2002 EXAMINATION #3 (PART 2) Name Date DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each). 1. Science: The belief that phenomena have natural causes that can be revealed by empirical evidence. 2. Endosymbiotic Theory of Eukaryotic Origins: The idea that some organelles of eukaryotic cells are derived from mutualistic associations among non-eukaryotic cells. (e.g., chloroplasts) 3. Fruit: A mature ovary; carpel tissue surrounding seeds 4. Mycelium A group of fungal hyphae. 5. Pollen: The 2-3 celled male gametophyte of seed plants. LONG ANSWER.Address the following question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (10%) 1. These questions are based upon lecture and the videos segments from the video series Evolution shown in class. a.) Briefly explain how drug resistance arises and becomes predominant in bacteria and viruses. (5%) Resistance initially arises as a random mutation. (The antibiotic does not cause the mutation.) It then becomes predominant in the population because of the strong natural selection of the antibiotic. b.) Briefly, identify two conditions in Russian prisons that made the evolution of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis more likely to occur there. (2%) [any two] crowding, poor nutrition, stress, poor ventilation, no funds for proper treatment, patients with active TB not always isolated, treatment interrupted by release of prisoners c.) HIV infected people with resistant strains of the HIV virus were taken off of anti-HIV drugs for a period of time. Later, the patients were given the same anti-HIV drugs which then reduced the now susceptible HIV population. Why did the virus population change, becoming susceptible to anti-HIV drugs? Provide an evolutionary explanation. (3%) In the absence of the anti-HIV drugs, the non-resistant wild-type strain reproduces and infects cells better. Therefore, in an environment without drugs the wild-type strain is favored by natural selection and the resistant strain decreases in frequency.LONG ANSWERS (CONTINUED).For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (20%) 1. A single Staphylococcus aureus bacterium (a Gram + bacterium) infects a small cut on Herb’s arm. One week later Herb’s wound is very suddenly red, painful and clearly infected. His physician identifies the bacterium as