BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008 – IN CLASS EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple-choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be true. c. Senses consistently reflect reality. d. The universe is completely disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.25, then what is the frequency of Aa? a. 0.10 b. 0.25 c. 0.50 d. 0.75 e. None of the above 3. Death of small and large sparrows during storms as described in The Evolution Explosion is an example of… a. artificial selection. b. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. d. sexual selection. e. stabilizing selection. 4. As explained in The Evolution Explosion, why do antibiotic resistance genes persist in “wild” bacterial populations despite resistant bacteria reproducing more slowly? a. Bacteria simply remain prepared for future contact with antibiotics. b. Bacteria encounter organisms in the soil that naturally produce antibiotics. c. Antibiotic resistance genes just persist as neutral (no effect) genes. d. Bacteria create resistance genes when they encounter antibiotics. e. None of the above. 5. Which of the following IS an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem? a. genetic drift occurs b. gene flow from another pop. occurs c. mutation occurs d. natural selection occurs e. random mating occurs 6. Which of the following most limits terrestrial primary production? a. Light intensity and nutrients. b. Light intensity and precipitation. c. Light intensity and temperature. d. Nutrients and temperature. e. Precipitation and temperature 7. If a population of 8000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 9600 b. 8200 c. 1600 d. 800 e. None of the above 8. If a population of 50000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of 100000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? (round the answer to an integer if needed) a. 100000 b. 78125 c. 75000 d. 74218 e. None of the above. 9. In the carbon cycle which of the following “fixes” carbon? a. burning b. fossilization c. glycolysis & respiration d. photosynthesis e. None of the above (none fix carbon) 10. Which of the following is a correct species name? a. coli b. coli c. Coli d. Coli e. Escherichia f. Escherichia g. escherichia coli h. escherichia coli i. Escherichia coli j. Escherichia coli k. Escherichia Coli l. Escherichia ColiSHORT ANSWER.⎯For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%) 1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean classification below. (2%) Kingdom Genus Species 2. Hypothesis: There will be higher species richness of starfishes in the high intertidal zone than in the low intertidal zone. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # starfish per m2 high intertidal = 1.33 mean # starfish per m2 low intertidal = 8.10 P-value = 0.001 Hypothesis is supported / rejected. (circle one) (1%) Explain why ↑. (2%) 3. For the following population of starfish calculate the allele and genotype frequencies below. (Generally show your calculations) (5%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. (Ecological) Community: 2. Genetic Drift: 3. Keystone Species: 4. Natural Selection: 5. Photosynthesis (provide the chemical equation and the “point” of this process for plants): aa aa aa aa Aa Aa aa AA Aa AABIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%) 1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (10%) upper jaw mobility upper jaw bones number of lungs caudal (tail) fin fin spines Trout moves 2 1 forked absent Bluegill moves 1 1 forked present Perch moves 1 1 forked present Bowfin moves 2 1 rounded absent Ropefish moves 2 2 rounded absent Lungfish Outgroup fixed 2 2 rounded absent 2. Briefly explain why the picture below is inaccurate and misleading? (6%) 3. For a population is composed of individuals with the following genotypes. BB = 110 Bb = 780 bb = 110 a.) Is the “B-b gene” in this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Note: Generally show your calculations and you will not use a statistical test, simply compare.) (10%) b.) Based on the determination you made in 3.a. above, what would be a logical biological interpretation for what you observed (based on processes discussed in class). What could explain the concordance with or deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Do not exceed 1-2 sentences.) (2%)4. Based on course discussions with other examples and the HIV video observed in class, explain why evolutionarily the following occurred. Patients with HIV viruses that were resistant to anti-viral drugs were taken off of their antiviral drugs for a time. This was dangerous because the patients suffered greater disease symptoms while off of the drugs as the viruses multiplied. After a while off of the drugs, the viruses in the patients were almost all susceptible to drugs again. The patients were treated with large doses of anti-viral drugs and the number of viruses in the patients was reduced to very low levels. (10%) (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a table in your answer.) 5. Two bacteria, the black plague bacterium and the tuberculosis bacterium (also called the white plague bacterium), killed many Europeans in the Middle Ages. Black plague kills 80%-95% of its sufferers within a few days to a few weeks, the remaining 5%-20% of those infected recover. Tuberculosis kills 5% of its sufferers within a year, the other 95% do not show disease symptoms for 2-50 years. The tuberculosis bacterium eventually kills all (100%) infected persons who do not die of other causes, and caused