BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2007 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Different events cannot have the same cause. b. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be True. c. Sense experience reflects reality. d. The universe is disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. Members of which of the following phyla are acoelomate? a. Arthropoda b. Molluska c. Nematoda d. Platyhelminthes e. None of the above 3. Which of the following is a correct species name (for humans)? a. sapiens b. homo sapiens c. homo sapiens d. Homo e. Homosapiens f. None of the above 4. Which of the following does NOT decrease overall genetic variation? a. artificial selection b. genetic drift c. mutation d. natural selection e. None of the above (all decrease variation) 5. Which of the following most limits primary production in terrestrial environments? a. light and nutrients b. light and water c. light and temperature d. nutrients and temperature e. temperature and water 6. Organisms in which of the following phyla includes the flat worms? a. Annelida b. Arthropoda c. Nematoda d. Platyhelminthes e. None of the above 7. If a population of 20,000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 10,000 b. 21,000 c. 22,000 d. 45,000 e. None of the above 8. If a population of 40,000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, and a carrying capacity of 80,000 then what is the size of the population after 1 year? a. 4,000 b. 40,000 c. 42,000 d. 44,000 e. None of the above 9. The lining of most of the digestive tract develops from which type of tissue? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. pachyderm 10. The human vertebrae develop from which type of tissue? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. pachydermFILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. (4%) 1. Which of the 4 basic types of animal tissues is the following? (1%) 2. Specifically what two words describe the arrangement and shape of the cells in this tissue? (1%) 3. Hypothesis: There will be higher species richness of insects in areas ungrazed by buffalo than in areas grazed by buffalo. Data Based on Quadrat Samples mean # insect species per m2 ungrazed = 7.33 mean # insect species per m2 grazed = 9.05 P-value = 0.001 Hypothesis is supported / rejected. (circle one) (1%) Briefly explain why ↑. (1%) 4. Identify two things that are “wrong” or misleading about this illustration. (1%) a. b. DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each) 1. (bacterial) biofilms: 2. (bacterial) transformation: 3. connective tissue: 4. natural selection: 5. science:BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2006 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. 1. A single bacterium infects a small cut on Edna’s arm. One week later Edna’s wound is very suddenly red, painful and clearly infected. Her physician identifies the bacterium as a Staphylococcus bacterium and prescribes penicillin. The infection symptoms disappeared after taking the antibiotic for about 4 days and Edna stopped taking the penicillin (long before the end of her prescription). The infection again returned a little more than a week after she stopped the penicillin, so Edna took the penicillin again until it again looked like it was gone. This time it took over a week for the penicillin to control the infection. The infection returned again about a week after she stopped taking the antibiotic, and this time the infection did not go away and was completely unaffected by the penicillin. a.) Describe briefly what you know about the shape, arrangement of the cells, and cell wall structure of this bacterium. (3%) b.) Provide a plausible evolutionary explanation for why the penicillin eventually did not stop the Staphylococcus aureus infection. Explain what happened as Edna took and stopped taking the penicillin that would result in her Staphylococcus aureus infection eventually becoming unaffected by penicillin. (7%) 2. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at each stage. (5%) Feel free but do not feel obliged to use sketches in your answer.3. As described in the book The Evolution Explosion and discussed in class, why are farmers being required to plant insect “pest refuges” of regular crops near to their new insecticide-containing crops (e.g., Bt-producing corn, Bt-producing sugar cane)? Why do they have to provide a “safe” insecticide-free place that will allow for reproduction of the insects that they are trying to kill? Explain clearly and in detail why this is the case. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a table or diagrams as part of your answer.) (5%) 4. Explain how Type I and Type II Diabetes differ from each other. What causes each and how each is usually treated? (5%)BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2007 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following best describes the community ecology relationship of a mouse eating a seed? a. Interspecific amensalism b. Intraspecific amensalism c. Interspecificcommensalism d. Intraspecific commensalism e. Interspecific grazing f. Intraspecific grazing g. Interspecific predation h. Intraspecific predation i. None of the above 2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is 0.09, then what is the frequency of aa? a. 0.09 b. 0.18 c. 0.49 d. 1.00 e. None of the above 3. In a population of 100 individuals at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if there are 16 BB individuals, how many Bb individuals should there be? a. 9 b. 42