BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Name Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is an assumption of science (scientific philosophy)? a. Different events cannot have the same general predictable cause. b. Hypotheses are proven absoultely True. c. Sense experience consistently and accurately represents reality. d. The universe is completely disordered. e. None of the above. (None are assumptions) 2. What is the difference between gross primary production and net primary production? a. Energy available to primary consumers. b. Energy captured from light. c. Energy converted into offspring. d. Energy used for maintenance. e. Energy used for growth. 3. Which of the following describes the interaction of you (a human) with a carrot (a plant) that you eat? a. Interspecific amensalism. b. Interspecific commensalism. c. Interspecific predation. d. Intrapecific amensalism. e. Intrapecific commensalism. f. Intraspecific predation. 4. Which of the following ponds (small body of water) should have the greatest species richness? a. Large, far from lake, high nutrients b. Large, far from lake, moderate nutrients c. Large, far from lake, low nutrients d. Large, near lake, high nutrients e. Large, near lake, moderate nutrients f. Large, near lake, low nutrients g. Small, far from lake, high nutrients h. Small, far from lake, moderate nutrients i. Small, far from lake, low nutrients j. Small, near lake, high nutrients k. Small, near lake, moderate nutrients l. Small, near lake, low nutrients 5. Why is it wetter at the equator than in areas to the north or south. a. Air circulation cells b. Carbon cycle c. Primary production d. Rain shadow effect The samples below measured the duration of the common cold in people taking the herbal supplement Immunohappy and a group taking an inert pill. Hypothesis: Immunohappy will decrease the duration of the common cold. Table. Days with the common cold. P-value for comparison between the samples from the two group = 0.044 Immunohappy 7 5 9 8 7 10 Inert pill 7 5 6 7 5 4 6. For the study above which of the following is the negative control? ↑ a. Group receiving the Immunohappy. b. The cold. c. Giving Immunohappy to many people. d. The measured number of days. e. None of the above. 7. The hypothesis is… ↑ a. rejected. b. supported. c. (this cannot be determined with these data) 8. Which of the following is the “number one” reason for the current biodiversity crisis? a. damage by people using areas recreationally b. habitat modification c. introduced species d. overharvest of individuals of rare species 9. If a population of 3000 is undergoing exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, then what is the size of the population after 2 years? a. 3000 b. 5000 c. 6000 d. 6250 e. 6500 f. 6750 g. None of the above 10. The current human population is approximately… a. 600,000,000. b. 660,000,000. c. 6,000,000,000. d. 6,600,000,000. e. 60,000,000,000. f. 66,000,000,000.SHORT RESPONSE.⎯For the following write the appropriate number(s), formulae, and/or word(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%) 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below for a cohort of guppies. (4%) Age Number Survivor-ship Mortality 0 4000 1 100 2 50 3 40 3. In the space below provide the chemical formula for the overall process of photosynthesis and label the chemical symbols with the name of each molecule. (3%) 2. The following age-distribution graph is for the guppy population including the cohort in question 1 (when it was age 3). Specifically what does the graph below suggest about this population’s year-to-year demography? (3%) Age distribution of guppy population. (# = number) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Competitive Exclusion: 2. Ecological Succession: 3. Edge Effect: 4. Rescue Effect: 5. Science: 0204060801001201400123456age #BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Name Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯ Address each in as concisely and lucidly. (50%) 1. A population of 2000 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) is growing logistically and has a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.05. The carrying capacity is 5,000. (a.) What is the size of this population after one year? After two years? Show your calculations. (8%) If poachers (illegal hunters) find this population and start killing about 100 elephants per year, then will this population continue to grow in number or shrink (negative growth)? Based on your calculations above, briefly explain you answer (in 1 sentence). (2%) 2. Explain the carbon cycle. Be certain to include important forms of carbon and important processes. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled diagram for your answer.) (8%) Generally explain how the carbon cycle relates to concerns about global climate change (in 1 sentence). (2%) 3. Briefly explain the how both keystone species (especially predators and grazers) and disturbance often function similarly with respect to their effects on competition in the communities that they effect. (6%)4. Researchers∗ examined the effect of water and nutrient addition on Arabidopsis thaliana (a small plant that lives for only 1 year producing seeds and then dying) in a sandy coastal area in the Netherlands (Holland). These plants are found in a variety of soils and sandy soils are known to retain nutrients and water less well than most other kinds of soil. They added 100 seeds to each of fifteen 13x13cm plots. Five experienced natural precipitation, five received 400ml of water per month, and five received 400ml of water containing a fertilizer per month solution. The plots were censused monthly. Hypothesis 1 was: Addition of water will increase survivorship in watered populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in a sandy-soil area. Hypothesis 2 was: Addition of water and nutrients (N and P) will increase survivorship in watered populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in a sandy-soil area more than addition of water alone. Table 1. Mean census data for the five plots in each of the three conditions. (mo.