BIOLOGY 262, PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY: ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY PLANT (AND COMPREHENSIVE) REVIEW/PRACTICE STUDY QUESTIONS Review Questions 1. For a population undergoing logistic growth with a starting size of 2,000,000, an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10, and a carrying capacity of 10,000,00, what is the population size after 1 year? 2 years? 2. You study the “D” gene in a population of pansies. The number of individuals with each genotype is DD = 104, Dd = 876, dd = 20. (a) Is this gene at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in this population? (show your calculations) (b) Provide two plausible microevolutionary process (if any) that likely are affecting this population? 3. People infected with drug resistant strains of the HIV virus were taken off of anti-HIV drugs for a period of time. Later, the patients were given the same anti-HIV drugs. These drugs then greatly reduced a newly drug-susceptible HIV population. Why did the virus population become susceptible to anti-HIV drugs after patients stopped taking the drugs? Provide a brief evolutionary explanation. (Hint: This question was directly derived from a video watched in class.) 4. A single bacterium infects a small cut on Enda’s arm. One week later Edna’s wound is very suddenly red, painful and clearly infected. Her physician identifies the bacterium as Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram + bacterium) and prescribes penicillin. The infection worsens significantly and very rapidly over the next few days despite Edna’s taking penicillin as prescribed. (Severity of symptoms of infection by this bacterium approximately indicates the number of bacteria present.) a.) Briefly describe or list what you know about i.) the shape, ii.) the arrangement of the cells, and iii.) the cell wall structure of Staphylococcus aureus. (3%) b.) i.) Draw an approximate graph of the population size of Staphylococcus aureus in Edna’s cut from the initial infection to one week. (There are no numbers, but the description should allow you to choose a graph type and select an appropriate representation of change in population size in the first week.) Remember to label the axes and use the right type of graph. ii.) Indicate the type of population growth that occurred. iii.) How does this graph help explain the suddenness of the onset of her symptoms and their rapid worsening? c.) Provide a brief plausible explanation for why the penicillin did not stop the Staphylococcus aureus infection.5. FILL IN the data below then use it to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup homosporous or heterosporous Which life cycle generation dominant? Dichotomous or irregular root branching? Resin canals present or absent? Seeds present or absent? Apple tree irregular Pine tree irregular Spruce tree irregular Fern irregular Club Moss dichotomous True Moss OG dichotomous 6. On a separate sheet of paper, describe/explain the life cycle of a member of sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) Kingdom Chlorophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, patterns of nutritional dependence, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a well labeled sketch that identifies everything above for your answer.) 7. On a separate sheet of paper, describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Bryophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, patterns of nutritional dependence, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a well labeled sketch that identifies everything above for your answer.) 8. On a separate sheet of paper, describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Pterophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, patterns of nutritional dependence, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a well labeled sketch that identifies everything above for your answer.) 9. On a separate sheet of paper, describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Coniferophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, patterns of nutritional dependence, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a well labeled sketch that identifies everything above for your answer.) 10. Herb tells you a fantastic story. Over summer break he said he went to an island off in the South Pacific where he got lost for 5 days. In this hot, moist tropical environment he was survived by eating the seeds and nutritious rhizomes of the native mosses and resting in the shade of a group of fern gametophytes. He used the stiff stems of some horsetails to clean out the coconut shell he used to collect food. His family finally found him in a clearing picking fern flowers and collecting more moss seeds. Explain why you think your friend is very confused, lying, or really
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