ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Native Americans vs Archeologists II Studying the Bones III Conclusion Outline of Current Lecture IV Big Changes that Prefaced Origins of Agriculture V Late Neolithic Societies VI Effects Health Trade Offs VII Concept of Culture VIII What is culture IX Essentialism X Cultural relativism vs Essentialism XI Culture is holistic XII Culture is learned and shared Current Lecture Neolithic Revolutions continued and the Concept of Culture Big Changes that Prefaced Origins of Agriculture 1 Paleolithic The peopling of the Earth global human diaspora 2 Mesolithic Climate change changes in subsistence and settlement patterns the broad spectrum revolution 3 Neolithic Adaptation through domestication social complexity permanent population centers Domestication Effects Neolithic Technology These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Specialization of tools pottery o Woven clothing flax cotton wool o Food processing and fermentation Late Neolithic Societies Large settlements high population density Monuments with ceremonial significance Social classes and hierarchy Evidence of social hierarchy o Elaboration of burials grave goods skeletal remains signs of hard labor and wounds Effects Health Trade Offs Increased risk of famine Rise of agriculture depended on crop that depended on climate etc Changing diets increased nutritional diseases Changing exposure to infectious diseases increased From domesticated animals ex AIDS Changing patterns of labor Social classes and social hierarchies affect distribution of resources Jared Diamond on Agriculture Worst mistake in human history Concept of Culture Nacirema body rituals Primitive brutal superstitious irrational unfamiliar An outsider s description of aspects of American culture Nacirema Humans What is culture Culture is learned shared transmitted symbolic integrated That complex whole which includes knowledge belief art morals law custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society Edward B Taylor Essentialism Viewing identities as innate uniform or unchanging Ex All Germans love schnitzel Cultural relativism vs Essentialism Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual s own culture Understanding other cultures like an anthropologist Opposite of essentialism Culture is holistic Culture includes both the spectacular and the mundane in human life Festivals art spectacular Wal Mart daily chores mundane Important to contextualize Culture is learned and shared Enculturation process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire values and behaviors appropriate or necessary Enculturation unifies people based on common experiences and understandings Happens in family and school Culture is learned Enculturation Non Human Primates Individual learning Social learning Humans Individual learning Social learning Cultural learning Means we learn to apply symbolic systems ex body language writing Culture is shared but What about diversity within cultural groups Worldview view of reality the nature of things how the world works Ethos a model of living an attitude regarding the styling of one s life Culture is symbolic Symbolic thought is unique and crucial to cultural learning Symbols words things images acts
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