ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I.Pleistocene: 2.5 MYA to 11 KYA II. With increase in brain size, among hominins, there are trade-offs:III. Big brains and bipedalism don’t mix, but…IV. Mid-Pleistocene (1.8 MYA to 300,000 YA)V. H. erectus 1.8 MYA-143 KYAVI. Long Distance MigrationVII. Late Pleistocene (300 KYA-11 KYA)Outline of Current Lecture I. Late Pleistocene (300 KYA-11 KYA)II. Species = categories WE INVENTIII. Neanderthals are sometimes classified in different speciesCurrent LectureRecent Hominins and the Peopling of the Old World Late Pleistocene (300 KYA-11 KYA)- One species or four? Denisovians, disappeared ~30 KYA Neanderthals, disappeared ~30 KYA H. sapiens sapiens arose ~200 KYA H. florensiensis (“Hobbits”) disappeared ~13 KYA (discovered on islandof Flores, Indonesia) Species = categories WE INVENT:- One way to determine species is the ability to breed and have viable offspringThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- However, this line becomes uncertain because of overlap of species in territories Neanderthals are sometimes classified in different species:- Debate on whether Neanderthals should be classified as the Homo genus (Homo neanderthalensis) or a subspecies of Homo sapiens - Neanderthals ~350-30KYA Climate: lived during the end of ice age Neanderthals were known for tools, fire, clothing, dwellings, and being omnivores Neanderthal skull:o Heavy/high cheekboneso Heavy brown ridgeo Large nasal passageo Large incisorso Lack of chino Occipital bun (back elongation) Our ancestors lived side by side Grew up faster than humans MISCONEPTION: Neanderthals are commonly portrayed as dumb, but actually are hominins a lot like us:o Physical appearance (based on cranial fossils/genetic markers)o Buried their dead (with goods)o ArtBody form of Neanderthal Body form of HumanRobust GracileStalky (Considered Bergmann’s rule) TallerShort arms (Considered Allen’s rule) Longer armsBrain size was range of modern humans, ~1300 ccsometimes
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