ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I Denisovians II Modern Humans H sapiens sapiens III IV H florensiensis One species Outline of Current Lecture V Until 10 KYA we were all pure foragers VI Paleolithic Era VII Modern foraging is nothing like foraging in the Paleolithic VIII The Neolithic Revolution Origins of Agriculture IX Global Human Diaspora X Peopling of the Americas XI Changes in the Mesolithic XII Origins of Agriculture Neolithic Revolutions XIII Domestication XIV Evidence of Early Domestication Current Lecture The Human Diaspora and the Origins of Agriculture Until 10 KYA we were all pure foragers Foragering Type of hunting and gathering more inclusive of marine resources Pure foragers had no agriculture Paleolithic Era Paleolithic Old Stone Age 2 6 MYA 10 000 YA Overlaps with late Pleistocene These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Began when H habilis created first hand tool 2 6 MYA No pure hunter gathers left on Earth Modern foraging is nothing like foraging in the Paleolithic Politically disenfranchised people Grow crop as other means of lifestyle than pure foragers Reasons for Modern Hunter Gathers Not living fossils Live in states but have no rights Market economy participants Adaptive in tough environment Important to identity Coping with poverty and discrimination Agriculture is a recent practice in human history Changing the phenotypes of plants and animals The Neolithic Revolution Origins of Agriculture Prefaced by three BIG trends changes 1 The peopling of the Earth global human diaspora 2 Climate change changes in subsistence and settlement patterns 3 Adaptation through domestication Global Human Diaspora The global spread of humans in the Paleolithic 50 KYA 10 KYA Megafauna were on the move too near the end of the last glaciation At least 3 waves of migration into the New World by Bering Land Bridge Lots of gene flow occuring Peopling of the Americas By 13 KYA Paleoindians and Clovis and other technology are widespread throughout the Americas Hunted Megafauna Clovis created rippling stone tools Changes in the Mesolithic Mesolithic Middle Stone Age Dates vary depending on location Climate change subsistence and the broad spectrum Revolution of the Mesolithic 12 000 YA Glaciers receding and sea levels rising Drastic climate change changing ecosystems Broad spectrum of food resource forest animals birds fish plants all exploited by humans More specialized tools and weapons are made for a broad spectrum subsistence by grinding not flaking Permanent and semi permanent dwellings appear End of nomadic species Origins of Agriculture Neolithic Revolutions Neolithic New Stone Age Global transition from foraging to dependence on domesticated plants and animals Increasing settlement size Emerging hierarchical societies Fine polished Neolithic stone tools and axes Massive burnings of forests stones for houses etc changed environment Domestication Evolutionary process whereby humans modify the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals Ex Dogs 12 000 YA were the first domesticated animals domesticated wolves Made safer easier to harvest Members may be unable to survive or breed outside of human assistance Evidence of Early Domestication Wild Teosinte and Domesticated Maize Increased size of plant seeds and fruit Loss of natural seed dispersal Changes in pattern of seed germination Wild and domesticated sheep Selective Breeding Altered sex and age ratios Decreased natural defenses Increased size itself or of body parts Began when H habilis created first hand tool 2 6 MYA Neoteny when adult things have baby characteristics Ex Silver Fox
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