ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I. DefinitionsII. Karl PolanyiIII. Kula RingIV. The myth of barter (Graeber 2011)V. Scheme of reciprocitiesOutline of Current Lecture VI. Threats to TigersVII. India’s Colonial Legacy and its Relations to Tigersa. Pre-colonial South Asiab. Medieval South Asiac. Colonial South Asia (Now India)d. End of Colonial rule in Indiae. Post-Independencef. LiberalizationVIII. Case Study: Melghat (tiger reserve and where Dan studies)Current LectureIndia’s Tigers and Global Connections: Neocolonial Legacies and Commodification—Daniel Read Threats to Tigers: - Poaching- Habitat Fragmentation, Degradation, and Loss- Human-Tiger ConflictIndia’s Colonial Legacy and its Relations to Tigers:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Pre-colonial South Asia Tigers were important to politics (associated with political power)- Medieval South Asia Emperors were killing tigers (associated with authority)- Colonial South Asia (Now India) Britain lost America (a settled colony) in 1785 India became an extractive colony to cover the loss of resources from America 1857, British empire takes control by governmento Direct and indirect rule subsist (some areas have maharajas) Tigers were hunted by whites because tigers were thought to be attacking people (British associated this with white man’s burden) Jim Corbetto Tiger huntero Wrote Man-Eaters of Kumaono Becomes concern with tigers extinction and becomes an activist Link between Power and Tigers diminish, but Authority link grew- End of Colonial rule in India Independence movement Gandhio Began movement in 1919; took 30 years for independenceo Spun cotton; he wanted India to be self-sufficient (no dependence on Britain) o Lead the “Salt March”; British monopolized salt, so India marched to the sea to gather their own salto Gandhi understood that colonial rule operated if people used their free will to choose to comply—they didn’t have to though. This became the “Theory of Voluntary Servitude” - Post-Independence Non-Alignment Movement (1947-1991) Political power shifted from Gandhi to Nehru Nehru’s daughter becomes Prime Minister (Indira Gandhi)o Returns project tigero Tiger is national animal of Indiao Created tiger reserves (WWF)- Liberalization International development ensues Rise of poachingo In the Sariska and Panna tiger reserves, foresters were being bribed by poacherso Became an “Anti-Politics Machine” Case Study: Melghat (tiger reserve and where Dan studies) - Corvée labor was used to harvest wood during colonialism- Now it is illegal to extract resources in this area This leads people to poach tigers for money Or people extend farmland into habitat, which still hurts tigers- Some are trying to implement “ecotourism”- Conclusion: This is an ecological battle being fought on economic terms Relies on local people for
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