Political Systems Patterns of community management and relations o How communities Direct and manage public affairs The relationships within a society and the relationship between societies Organize community protection Manage community survival Structure extra community relations Manage economic concerns Types of socio political systems o Band Small kin based group Among foragers 100 people rarely more Most of the year they have much smaller groups Egalitarian everyone is largely equal Based on gender and or age Example Inuit groups Eskimos o Tribe Large kin based group Horticultural Pastoralism Somewhat Egalitarian EX Kapauku Big Man society Sodalities Non kin based organizations Age and or gender Used to organize conflicts to protect your community or to attack another community Organize hunting groups Nomadic Politics Organize grazing schedules Small groups Basseri Big groups Qashqai o Chiefdom A centralized polity with two or more groups A single chief Ranked society Horticulturalists Redistribution economy EX Polynesian chiefdoms Social status based on kinship Descent Ranked Privileged access to power prestige and wealth o State A centralized political system Specialized Makes laws and uses force Social stratification Military structure State specializations Population control Managing racking and organizing populations Judiciary Laws as explicit codes for behavior Enforcement Fiscal System to enforce those laws Fiscal system All societies have some kind of fiscal system Usually through tax and tribute o Elman Service s Typology o There is some overlap within these groups Political Process Social Control o Parts of culture that actively maintain social interactions o Informal political institutions Informal political processes Not based on legal code or processes Popular among band societies But it still occurs in all levels of societies EX Kuwaiti diwaniyas Neighborhood meeting halls Used to organize community needs Very informal EX U S political parties Informal political institution within our society There are no laws saying that we have to have political parties o Politics and peers Informal processes of social control What s right vs what s wrong EX Makua Chicken thieves o Hegemony A Gramsci Cultural behavior becomes natural How people behave and react to certain things becomes natural How ruling class maintain order in the society o Resistance to control Public transcript Use force formal or informal There is always going to be resistance to power Systems of resistance Hidden transcript Peasants tithe in Indonesia People who are resisting the system but not really working to change it Political systems and Processes what to know Patterns of community management and relations o How communities organize manage and protect o Different types of systems o Different kinds of political process Formal and informal Force or threat of force Nonviolent forms of social control
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