ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I How do social hierarchies operate II Sex Gender and Identity III Intersex IV Sex Gender and Identity V Cross cultural variation in gender systems VI The Gender Binary VII Constructing the gender binary Outline of Current Lecture VIII Subsistence IX You can t get something for nothing X Costs input factors XI More examples of Cost or Input Factors XII Which is better Current Lecture Subsistence and Production Subsistence Ways of making a living thru food production Traditional classification Hunting and gathering foraging Pastoralism herding livestock production Horticulture small yield crop production low labor ex maize Agriculture high yield crop production These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute You can t get something for nothing Inputs land labor technology and other forms of capital Adaptive strategy maximize benefit Two solutions o Extensive low costs low gross benefit o Intensive high costs high gross benefits Costs input factors Labor is not limited to one or the other For example harvesting and processing Madagascar nuts labor extensive foraging and labor intensive processing An example of intensive foraging would be the show Deadliest Catch An example of extensive pastoralism would be raising cattle and goats an example of intensive pastoralism would be a factory farm An example of extensive farming in horticulture would be Hatsky in Madagascar Techniques have multiple names slash and burn swidden shifting cultivation Steps involved in Hatsky 1 Access to land 2 Clear slash an area of bush for the swidden 3 Allow slash to dry in a cleared swidden 4 Use a controlled burn to clear and put nutrients back into soil 5 Plant the swidden by hand 6 Allow maize to grow and mature then harvest 7 After a few years of cultivation a swidden lies fallow Costs and Yields for Hatsky low inputs labor and basic tools low yield enough to feed family More examples of Cost or Input Factors Labor intensive Asian wet rice cultivation Land intensive Peruvian potatoes Technology and capital intensive Dutch flowers Machine and land intensive Ukrainian wheat farming Which is better Extensive or Intensive Modernization discourse intensive is always better Anthropological viewpoint depends on o Access to input factors land labor machinery o Local environment sustainability o Goals of production feeding family Storing surplus Profit
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