ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I.Conceptions of RaceII.What determines someone’s race in the US?III. How do we know?a. If race has a biological basis…Outline of Current Lecture IV.Why do we study primates?V. 3 types of primate trendsVI. Primate Taxonomya. Prosimiansb. AnthropoidsVII. Apes (and Humans) are different from monkeys and ProsimiansCurrent LectureMeet the PrimatesFlashcards of diagrams are available via ELC Biological Anthropologist study primates because:- Closet cousins to humans- They study behavior, locomotion, diet and how they live over time- To teach us about evolution of extinct primates 3 types of trends that make primates unique:1. Evolutionary Vertical posture Grasping; tactile perception Sight over smell Longevity and long juvenile periodThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Brain complexity2. Anatomical Short snouts and generalized dentition Forward-facing eyes Unique shoulder and clavicle Grasping hands, feet, fingers, and tools3. Behavioral Social life in groups High parental investment Intelligent, problem solving Identifying primates among mammals by traits in common:- Teeth for processing food- Stereoscopic vision- Color vision- Visual acuity- Circumduction and brachiation- Nails rather than claws- Fingerprints Primate Taxonomy:- Primate order has two subdivisions: Prosimianso Lemurso Tarsierso Bushbabieso Lorises Anthropoidso Monkeyso Apeso Humans Prosimians:- Tend to be smaller- Most similar to early primates- Activity pattern: nocturnal tapetum- Live in variety of environments- Diet: insectivory and frugivory- Locomotion: vertical clingers and leapers Anthropoids:- 2 types of monkey due to isolation (~35 million years)Old World Monkeys: New World MonkeysCatarrhines (sharp nosed) Platyrrhines (flat-nosed)Downward-facing nostrils Forward-facing (or outward) nostrilsIschial callosities (bare buttocks on terrestrial) Prehensile (grasping) tailsNon-prehensile tails Locomotion: aboreal and quadrupedsLocomotion: aboreal or terrestrial quadrupeds Apes (and Humans) are different from monkeys and prosimians:- “Lesser” Apes: Gibbons & Siamangs Catarrhines No tial Loud call system Locomotion: Brachiation- “Great” Apes/Non-human hominids Catarrhines No tail Terrestrial Knuckle-walkers Intelligent, social, tool-using- Humans! Catarrhines No tail Terrestrial Locomotion: bipedal Intelligent, social, cultural- Classifying similarities and difference among primate species Humans did not come from monkeys Cladograms Phylogentic interence Morphology o Ancestral vs. Derived Traits Genetic distanceo How genetically similar or different are two species Hominin:- Humans and extinct ancestor species since the “split” with chimps about 6 million years
View Full Document
Unlocking...