ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. SubsistenceII. You can’t get something for nothingIII. Costs (input factors)IV. More examples of Cost or Input FactorsV. Which is better?Outline of Current Lecture VI. DefinitionsVII. Karl PolanyiVIII. Kula RingIX. The myth of barter (Graeber 2011)X. Scheme of reciprocitiesCurrent LectureEconomics and Anthropology—Dr. Bram Tucker Definitions:- Economics: Decisions and behaviors about resources- Anthropology: Study of human diversity- Economic Anthropology: Diversity of people’s decisions and behaviors regarding resourcesKarl Polanyi:- Formalism: “Economizing” within constraints (Money Maximization)- Substantivism: Subsistence behavior (social, jural, moral value)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Production, consumption, exchange, investment Kula Ring:- Malinowski First to do in-depth ethnography- MaussWrote The Gif Asked: Are Kula valuables primitive money? (Mauss 1925)- Vaygu’a (valuables) Symbolic of sex; have a spirit to them; travel in circle rings Soulava (shell; clockwise trade) Mwali (arm band; counterclockwise)- Vaygu’a is not fungible: cannot exchange for goods or services They are used for stable partnerships Given with a solemn performance- The “spirit” of the gift: There is a limited number available Their social history determines value Cannot hold onto too long Trade of unequal valueo Always keep the debt going Only about honor, credit, prestige Exchange to build social relations, NOT material gain Wealth = giving resources away, not keeping themThe myth of barter (Graeber 2011):- …In the days before money… “coincidence of wants”- Before money, there was barter- Money evolved to solve “coincidence of wants”- But Anthropologists haven’t found any barter economics- One barters with strangers, enemies; not neighborsScheme of reciprocities:- Generalized reciprocity: A B Ex. Nursing, birthday gift, food sharing- Balanced reciprocity: A B Ex. barter, purchase- Negative reciprocity: A B Ex. haggling, usury, theft, raiding- Morality = Kinship distance Family, friendsgeneralized reciprocity Strangersbalance reciprocityo Capitalism assumes we are all strangers; everything is 50/50, not 100/0 Enemiesnegative
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