Four Fields of AnthropologyFour fields that study humans in different waysBiological AnthropologistsStudy humans in a biological wayWork with the theory of evolutionPeople who study bonesPrimates and modern humanArchaeologyStudy the human cultural pastLinguistic AnthropologyStudy of language and cultureThe interaction of human language in our cultureLanguage is complicatedCultural AnthropologyStudy of modern human culturesModern human behaviorOnly in the US and Canada ANTH is split into the four fields, WHY?Historical reasons in the USFranz Boas – born in Germany, PHD in physicsStarted the Department of ANTH at the University of ColumbiaNorth American native peoplesCulture and biologyHistory of racial categoriesThe US is very diverseTopical reasonsHuman variation in time and spaceCulture and evolutionFieldworkAn important component to the fieldApplying AnthropologyAmerican Anthropological Association (AAA) recognizes two dimensions50-60% ANTH are members1) Academic AnthropologyGrant and university RESEARCHMost research is supported by universitiesHave questions they want answers toTheir goal is to produce and publish their findings2) Applied AnthropologyPractical application of anthropological researchUse theories to apply ANTHWork for the gov. or private corps.DifferenceGoalsAcademic: produce knowledgeApplied: to solve a problemAcademic:Grew after World War IIFew departments of ANTH in colleges before WWIIMostly at private institutionsMore recentGI bill put lots on money into universitiesMore money  more researchBy the early 70s most ANTH were academic ANTHData & InfoWhy and how people do thingsApplied:Most ANTH todayPracticing anthropologists practice their profession outside of academiaOutside of the university contextAimed at influencing human behavior and social conditionsThey want to use their knowledge to change how people behaveCrosscuts all four subfields:Cultural anthropologist  MicrosoftProblem solver: over cultural differencesBetween the cultural of Microsoft and it’s workersArchaeologist  Cultural Resource ManagementWork for the gov. or themselvesLaws in the 1900s to protect cultural resourcesImpact report: what is the impact of a projectLinguistic Anthropologist  State Board of EducationHow people communicatePhysical Anthropologist  Georgia Bureau of InvestigationsWork as consultantsTheory and PracticeEthnographers study societies firsthandTheory aids practice, and application fuels theoryANTH perspective recognizes that changes do not occur in a vacuumHappen between different culturesThe application of ANTH has created new fields of studyOver the last 10-20 yearsThe two work together in a cycleANTH and PracticeApplied ANTH work in:EducationLooking for better way to fix things in educationAnd how to help students learn betterUrban and Rural areasMigration of people into urban areas, which brings a lot of different cultural changeMedical fieldsCultural and BiologicalCultural translators, looking at places that have medical problems and why they have medical problemsBusiness and PoliticsLook at the culture of businessDevelopmental fieldsWork more in other countriesHow corps. are forming in other countriesFieldwork and AnthropologyOn location researchAn extended periodClose involvementThey want to talk to people, person to personThey want to excavate things on sitePrimary source of information for all anthropologistsPersonal involvementIt is personalThere is extreme close personal involvement when you are collecting your dataProblem OrientedThere is a point to doing the researchTo answer a specific question or to solve a specific problemLongitudinalThey are long-term studies based on repeated visitsFrom 2 weeks to 2 yearsTeam ResearchCoordinated research by multiple researchersFieldwork is almost never done by a single individualThere are differences in how ANTH do their fieldworkArchaeological FieldworkSystematic surveyProvides a regional perspective by gathering info on settlement patterns over a large areaSite IdentificationSurvey collects info over large areasFinding sites  looking for places where there has been human contact in the pastSurvey can answer certain research questionsExcavationSystematic removal of soil and other materialExcavation compliments the regional surveys1) Site mapped and surface collectedAll of the sites you can seeSurface Collections: picking up peoples trash from 100s-1000s of years ago2) Site subdivided by systematic grid3) Start digging and sifting of souls and materialsRecovering and recordingArtifactsFeaturesThings that we cannot pick up and put it in a bagEX: a house wallArchaeologists never excavate an entire site4) Archaeologists use this informationAnswer research questionProtect or describe cultural resources← Four Fields of Anthropology- Four fields that study humans in different ways- Biological Anthropologistso Study humans in a biological wayo Work with the theory of evolutiono People who study boneso Primates and modern human - Archaeologyo Study the human cultural past- Linguistic Anthropology o Study of language and cultureo The interaction of human language in our culture Language is complicated- Cultural Anthropologyo Study of modern human cultures Modern human behavior- Only in the US and Canada ANTH is split into the four fields, WHY?o Historical reasons in the US Franz Boas – born in Germany, PHD in physics Started the Department of ANTH at the University of Columbia North American native peoples Culture and biology History of racial categories The US is very diverse o Topical reasons Human variation in time and space Culture and evolution o Fieldwork An important component to the field← Applying Anthropology- American Anthropological Association (AAA) recognizes two dimensions o 50-60% ANTH are members- 1) Academic Anthropologyo Grant and university RESEARCHo Most research is supported by universitieso Have questions they want answers too Their goal is to produce and publish their findings- 2) Applied Anthropologyo Practical application of anthropological researcho Use theories to apply ANTHo Work for the gov. or private corps.- Differenceo Goals Academic: produce knowledge Applied: to solve a problem← Academic:- Grew after World War IIo Few departments of ANTH in colleges before WWIIo Mostly at private institutions- More recent- GI bill put lots on money into universities o More money  more research- By the early 70s most ANTH were academic