ANTH 1102 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last LectureI. Methods and Introduction to Biological Anthropology II. Fieldwork of AnthropologyIII. Ethnographic fieldworkOutline of Current LectureForces of Microevolution and Macroevolution Current Lecture Differences between:- Evolution: Change over time- Microevolution: Changes in the genetic makeup of a population Four forces1. Natural Selection (non-random)2. Mutation3. Gene Flow (migration)4. Genetic Drift (massive catastrophe)- Macroevolution: Change on the scale of separate gene pools (over time or space) Forces of microevolution are forces of macroevolution- Speciation New and distinct species forming Biological Evolution:1. Changes occur in populations and between gene pools over time a. Micro evolutionary change (within population)b. Macro evolutionary change (between gene pools)2. Changes are due to natural forces3. Change occurs in both random and non-random ways Important Concepts:- Genotype is DNA or genetic makeup- Phenotype is genotype plus environment Understanding Phenotype:- Variation may be due to: Genetic variation Environmental influence Interaction between genes and environment- Phenotypic plasticity within a species Range of gene expression Frequency of phenotypic traits in populations More depth of the forces of Microevolution:- Changes in gene (allele) frequencies in a population occur because of fourforces Natural Selection:- Non-random- Acts on “fitness” of phenotype- Phenotype and environment interact- Interacts with other forces of microevolution- Directional selection (example, Endler’s
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