ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I Timeline of Hominin Evolution II Apes that Lived During Miocene III IV First Apes We Think Were Bipedal a Comparison of Human and Chimp Brain Pliocene a 3 Hominin Genera Outline of Current Lecture V Pleistocene 2 5 MYA to 11 KYA VI With increase in brain size among hominins there are trade offs VII VIII IX X XI Big brains and bipedalism don t mix but Mid Pleistocene 1 8 MYA to 300 000 YA H erectus 1 8 MYA 143 KYA Long Distance Migration Late Pleistocene 300 KYA 11 KYA Current Lecture The Evolution of Hominin Intelligence Pleistocene 2 5 MYA to 11 KYA commonly referred to as the Stone Age Olduvai Gorge Tanzania Early Pleistocene 2 5 1 8 MYA Many diverse stone tools found First evidence of material cultural Two Hominin genera lived at Olduvai o Australopithecus Paranthropus robust o Homo Habilis earliest classification as Homo Australopithecus Paranthropus robust These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Huge Molars heavy skull Sagittal crest Mohawk of bone sets Australopithecus Paranthropus robust apart from earlier hominins Nuchal crest and Sagittal crest were muscle attachments for heavy chewing Early Pleistocene 2 5 to 1 8 MYA A boisei or P boisei o 2 3 1 2 MYA o Powerful jaw o Small brained o Specialized teeth o Diet of hard fibrous food diversified folivore o Bipedal o Unlikely to make or use stone tools Homo Habilis o 2 3 1 4 MYA o Increasing brain size o Generalized teeth omnivory o Likely scavenging behavior o Tool user o In comparison to Modern chimp 330cc to Modern Humans 1300cc there is evidence of increasing brain size in Pleistocene 520cc A boisei 640cc H habilis With increase in brain size among hominins there are trade offs Bipedal Blues1 Chronic back aches o Organs are only supported by pelvis creates large stress on back 2 Complicated Births o Babies heads are small in A afarensis However humans have a small pelvic inlet relative to brain size making birth difficult Big Brains and bipedalism don t mix but We do get benefits like Immaturity altricial young with a long childhood thus a longer learning period Social breeders cooperation alloparenting Critical learning periods culture and language Developmental acclimatization The EVOLUTION in action of human social and cultural life Mid Pleistocene 1 8 MYA to 300 000 YA Environmental changes diversity in hominins One genus many species H rudolfensis 1 9 MYA H erectus 1 8 MYA H georgicus 1 8 MYA H heidelbergensis 700 KYA Hominins are out of Africa moved to various global locations Are they one species or many H erectus 1 8 MYA 143 KYA Nariokotome boy Java Man Trinill Peking Man Zhoukondian 1000cc First to be more like us than unlike us Cultural difference technology Acheulean hand axes Made water rafts Fire dwellings large game First ever to control fire Long Distance Migration H erectus spread across almost all of old world One species or many H erectus H heidelbergensis 600 KYA 250 KYA H georgicus Dmanisis 1 8 MYA o Bipedal but small and small brain like H habilis o Outlier anatomically like h erectus o Descended from an early Pleistocene through migration Late Pleistocene 300 KYA 11 KYA One species or four Denisovians disappeared 30 KYA Neanderthals disappeared 30 KYA H sapiens sapiens arose 200 KYA H florensiensis Hobbits disappeared 13 KYA
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