ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I. DefinitionsII. Karl PolanyiIII. Kula RingIV. The myth of barter (Graeber 2011)V. Scheme of reciprocitiesOutline of Current Lecture VI. European Colonialism (16th-20th century)VII. Why do Anthropologists study ColonialismVIII. Key TermsIX. “European” Colonialism was a global phenomenonX. “Contact”XI. The “True Size” of AfricaXII. Why ColonizeXIII. Types of ColoniesCurrent LectureColonialism: Scope, Processes, and Legacies European Colonialism (16th-20th century):- A historical period that continues to shape geopolitics today- An economic, political, and socio-cultural process- An unequal social relation; inherently undemocratic and exploitiveWhy do Anthropologists study Colonialism?- Major force of global change; origin of globalization (creating linkage)- Legacies: conflicts, human rights, global justice movementsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Anthropology’s origins in European colonialism Agents of colonial powers Reactions to violence and loss of cultural diversity Key Terms:- Metropole- center of economic, military, decision making power over a colony or group of colonies (ex. Britain); Metropole urbanizes and expands industrial infrastructure based on accumulated profit- Periphery- the structural relation between centralized core, often an urban area, andcommunities on the periphery, usually tribal or rural, resource-based communities- Empire- an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, - Imperialism- process of empire creation “European” Colonialism was a global phenomenon:- First wave: 15th-early 19th century Economic system: Mercantilism Dominant colonizing forces: Portugal, Spain the Netherlands (Dutch) Places being colonized: Americas, SE Asia, Indian sub-continent Goals: enrich royalty and private investors; joint stock companies; “Exploration”; trade enslaved people; luxury goods- Phase 2: 1825-1960s Economic system: early and later capitalism Dominant colonizing forces: England/Britain, France, Germany, US, Russia, Japan Places being colonized: Africa, Asia, including Indian sub-continent Goals: Territorial expansion of Empires; control of resources (human labor, land, raw materials); control of colonial economies (new markets)“Contact”?- Violent period of time- Borders were apart of process of colonialismThe “True Size” of Africa:- Africa is… Not a country Urban and rural Ecologically diverse Culturally and politically diverse Diverse in historical experience- Partitioning of Africa, 1913Why Colonize?- Colonizer sets rules of trade and commerce; reap benefit of trade1. Capitalism requires expansiona. Access to materials for industrial productionb. New markets for export goods2. Nationalism3. Colonialist ideologiesa. “The White Man’s Burden”b. Cultural imperialismTypes of Colonies:1. Majority: a. Extractive: extraction of raw materials like ore, timber, or human laborb. Productive: “breakfast and dessert colonies;” mostly produced sugar/tea2. Minority:a. Settled colonies: large scale immigration; people set up towns, daily commerce; purposetraining grounds for colonial
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