ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Late Pleistocene (300 KYA-11 KYA)II. Species = categories WE INVENTIII. Neanderthals are sometimes classified in different speciesOutline of Current Lecture IV. DenisoviansV. Modern Humans: H. sapiens sapiensVI. H. florensiensisVII. One species?Current LectureConclusion of Recent Hominins Denisovians:- ~40 KYA- Only few fossils have been found: two teeth, a finger bone fragment- Found in only one location: Denisova Cave, Siberia Denisovians, disappeared ~30 KYA Neanderthals, disappeared ~30 KYA H. sapiens sapiens arose ~200 KYA H. florensiensis (“Hobbits”) disappeared ~13 KYA (discovered on islandof Flores, Indonesia)Modern Humans: H. sapiens sapiens- Appeared in Africa around 200 KYA- Appeared in Europe by ~40-50 KYAThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Early European humans: “Cro Magnon”- Have straight high foreheards- A larger cranial capacity than us (~1600cc)- Art, such as carvings and fertility art, and weapons were created by H. sapiens sapiens H. florensiensis:- Late Pleistocene, 95-13 KYA- Called “Hobbits” of “Flo”- Small body- Small brain, but high EQ (similar to H. habilis)- Skull is H. erectus like- Used tools- Hunted rats and tiny elephants- Deemed the “Hominin Out of Time”- Possible explanations of extreme differences from other hominin of this time: Island biogeography? (Big animals get smaller; founder effect) Folkloric creature? Human with disease? (though fossil evidence goes against this one) Different “lineage” than H. sapiens? Is this one species?- Genetic evidence shows relationships between species; based on genetic evidence, before 500 KYA there was a split of Neanderthals, Denisovians, and H. sapiens. Gene flow between H. sapiens and Neanderthals occurred and genes spread out and mixed.Addition to last week’s lecture:Neanderthals had shorter juvenile period than humans, which is know from dental evidence. It was common to have the phenotype of “gingers” in Neanderthals, which was adapted from their climate. Neanderthals used Mousterian tools, and the oldest art ever found was by Neanderthals in caves in Malaga, Spain (~42
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