ANTH 1102 1ST Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Why do we study primates II 3 types of primate trends III IV Primate Taxonomy a Prosimians b Anthropoids Apes and Humans are different from monkeys and Prosimians Outline of Current Lecture V Hominin VI Timeline of Hominin Evolution a Miocene b Pliocene c Pleistocene VII VIII Important Trends in Hominin Evolution Signs of Bipedalism Current Lecture Hominin Evolution Part I Bipedal Clues and Bipedal Blues Hominin Humans and extinct ancestor species since the split with chimps 6 million years ago Distinguishing Hominoids Hominids and Hominins from broadest to narrowest Hominoids all apes gibbons gorillas chimps orangs and humans Hominids all modern AND extinct GREAT apes gorillas chimps orangs and humans and their immediate ancestors Not gibbons These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Hominin Any species of early human that are related to humans more than chimpanzees including modern humans You are Hominin just like you are a primate but you aren t an ape in the conventional sense You have important ape ancestry but does not determine you Ex You re grandmother was mayor of Atlanta doesn t make you mayor of Atlanta Timeline of Hominin Evolution Miocene 24 5 3 million years ago Diversity of apes First bipedal ape Hominins Pliocene 5 3 2 5 million years ago Bipedal ape Hominin diversity Pleistocene 2 5 million years ago 12 thousands of years ago Increasing brain size and complexity Modern humans and peopling of the world Important Trends in Hominin Evolution Locomotion bipedalism Cognition brain size structure Based on fossil evidence bipedalism comes before cognition Signs of Bipedalism Examples of fossilized creatures that are bipedal Laetoli footprints Tanzania Lucy a female Australopithecus afarensis who lived 3 2 million years ago Turkana Boy a male Homo erectus who lived 1 5 million years ago 1 Angle of Foramen Magnum Where the spine and skull meet In bipedals the angle is 90 180 degrees relative to the orbital plane obtuse angle 2 Pelvis Shape Quadrupedalism blade shaped pelvis Knuckle walking blade shaped pelvis long arms heavy finger bones Brachiation blade shaped pelvis long arms Bipedalism fan shaped pelvis o Erect posture o Protect viscera guts o Locomotion and balance o Human male broad shallow fan shaped vs o Chimp male narrow deep blade shaped 3 Articulation of Femur and Pelvis In bipedalism an acute angle between the trochanter and the iliac crest is good for balance Long femoral neck Humans Long Chimps short 4 Knock knees Low center of gravity Angle of femur upright
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