ANTH 1102 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last LectureI. What is Anthropology? II. Socio-cultureIII. ArcheologyIV. LinguisticV. Biological/ PhysicalOutline of Current LectureI. Methods and Introduction to Biological Anthropology II. Fieldwork of AnthropologyIII. Ethnographic fieldworkCurrent Lecture Fieldwork of Anthropology:- Fieldwork is basic and applied research. Examples include: Historical fieldwork: the interaction of blacks and whites in rural Mississippi during civil rights movement Media fieldwork: Films and the introduction of taboo and social organizations Social fieldwork: Internet, digital spaces, memes (an element of culture or behavior)- Fieldwork can be done almost anywhere Ethnographic fieldwork:- Fieldwork in which the researcher immerses self into another culture for a long period of time - Also called participant observation Excavation:- Excavation is the revelation of archaeological remains along with the process of handling and recording the remains- Goals include: Finding all evidence about the past that a given site holds Recording the location of that evidence with precision Careful to not distort the placement and context of archeological findings Types of evidence of the human past:- Artifacts: anything or a piece of anything made by humans (tools, ceramics)- Ecofacts: something natural, but has been altered by human activity (wood for a house)- Fossils: organic matter that has been mineralized- Features: artifacts that cannot be removed from a site (graves, cooking pits, cave paintings) Putting evidence of the human past in context:- Context helps establish relationships among forms of evidence- To help determine context you must date a site, as in: Relative dating: determining the relative order of past events, withoutknowing the absolute age of an objects or site Can do this by analyzing stratigraphy (layers in the earth that show younger objects above older) Or by indicator artifacts, which are objects where the time period is known Absolute dating: finding the precise dates of an object or site Can do this by carbon dating or Radiometric age datingIntroduction into Biological Anthropology Research methods by biological anthropologists:- Ethnographic- Anthropometry- Clinical methods- Excavation and examination of human remains Scope of biological anthropology:- Paleoanthropology, the study of: Homin evolution (human evolution is not linear) Past events Material culture and behavior- Phylogenetics: The study of evolutionary relationships- Human Osteology: The study of bones to help understand diseases, life, and society- Paleoecology: The study of fossils and geology used to recreate context of past- Paleopathology: The study of injuries to show evidence of violence, infectious and non-infectious diseases- Forensic Anthropology: The study of applied anthropology in a legal setting Identification of remains Casework Experimentation by body farms (labs with bodies donated to science)- Primatology: The study of living species of non-human primates- Human Biology: The study of health, population, and nutrition Work with contemporary anthropology “Biological Myth of Human Evolution”- When studying human biology and evolution, you cannot separate evolution from human culture- Science and environment do not exist outside of culture- Humans studying ourselves means we seek knowledge about usYou cannot understand human biology today or in the past without
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