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UGA ANTH 1102 - Methods and Introduction to Biological Anthropology
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ANTH 1102 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last LectureI. What is Anthropology? II. Socio-cultureIII. ArcheologyIV. LinguisticV. Biological/ PhysicalOutline of Current LectureI. Methods and Introduction to Biological Anthropology II. Fieldwork of AnthropologyIII. Ethnographic fieldworkCurrent Lecture Fieldwork of Anthropology:- Fieldwork is basic and applied research. Examples include: Historical fieldwork: the interaction of blacks and whites in rural Mississippi during civil rights movement Media fieldwork: Films and the introduction of taboo and social organizations Social fieldwork: Internet, digital spaces, memes (an element of culture or behavior)- Fieldwork can be done almost anywhere Ethnographic fieldwork:- Fieldwork in which the researcher immerses self into another culture for a long period of time - Also called participant observation Excavation:- Excavation is the revelation of archaeological remains along with the process of handling and recording the remains- Goals include: Finding all evidence about the past that a given site holds Recording the location of that evidence with precision Careful to not distort the placement and context of archeological findings Types of evidence of the human past:- Artifacts: anything or a piece of anything made by humans (tools, ceramics)- Ecofacts: something natural, but has been altered by human activity (wood for a house)- Fossils: organic matter that has been mineralized- Features: artifacts that cannot be removed from a site (graves, cooking pits, cave paintings) Putting evidence of the human past in context:- Context helps establish relationships among forms of evidence- To help determine context you must date a site, as in: Relative dating: determining the relative order of past events, withoutknowing the absolute age of an objects or site Can do this by analyzing stratigraphy (layers in the earth that show younger objects above older) Or by indicator artifacts, which are objects where the time period is known Absolute dating: finding the precise dates of an object or site Can do this by carbon dating or Radiometric age datingIntroduction into Biological Anthropology Research methods by biological anthropologists:- Ethnographic- Anthropometry- Clinical methods- Excavation and examination of human remains Scope of biological anthropology:- Paleoanthropology, the study of: Homin evolution (human evolution is not linear) Past events Material culture and behavior- Phylogenetics: The study of evolutionary relationships- Human Osteology: The study of bones to help understand diseases, life, and society- Paleoecology: The study of fossils and geology used to recreate context of past- Paleopathology: The study of injuries to show evidence of violence, infectious and non-infectious diseases- Forensic Anthropology: The study of applied anthropology in a legal setting Identification of remains Casework Experimentation by body farms (labs with bodies donated to science)- Primatology: The study of living species of non-human primates- Human Biology: The study of health, population, and nutrition Work with contemporary anthropology “Biological Myth of Human Evolution”- When studying human biology and evolution, you cannot separate evolution from human culture- Science and environment do not exist outside of culture- Humans studying ourselves means we seek knowledge about usYou cannot understand human biology today or in the past without


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UGA ANTH 1102 - Methods and Introduction to Biological Anthropology

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