BSC 1005 L Mid Term Quiz Review Lab 1 The Nature and Process of Science Guiding Question How and why do scientists revise their hypotheses and predictions as they gather additional information Understanding what science is and how it is done Evaluate the quality and credibility of scientific information on the basis of its source and the methods used to generate it are crucial Science can e through of as a way of generating new knowledge Science is based on inquiry driven by curiosity to describe and explain nature Science is the process of learning about the natural world No single scientific method is followed by all scientists The process is complex and iterative and involves constant problem solving and revision of predictions and approaches Observation any information gathered through at least one of your sense Inference assumption that is based on observations and past experiences Hypotheses tentative testable explanation Experiments testing Data collected during experiments Evidence interpretation of data Lab 2 Animal Structures and Processes Guiding Question 1 How are organ systems interconnected to support a living organism Guiding Question 2 How does the structure of the nervous system facilitate the life function of sensing and responding to environmental signals Homeostasis a stable internal environment despite changes in the external Nervous System network that coordinates and controls all of these life environment functions in animals o Processes sensory information and controls responses to internal changes and external stimuli Central Nervous System CNS composed of the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System PNS all the nervous tissue outside the CNS collecting sensory information and transmitting instructions from the CNS throughout the body Sensory Neurons convey information from both inside and outside the body to the CNS senses Motor Neurons control the contraction of skeletal muscle in response to instructions from the CNS movement Animal nervous systems o Nerve Nets made up of sensory and motor neurons that control muscles so they respond to stimuli with appropriate behaviors o Anterior end head o Cephalization sense organs concentrated at the anterior end o Diffusion movement of a substance from high concentration to low o Ovipositor female crickets lay eggs through o Open System lacking a heart and closed blood vessels for fluid to concentration travel through Lab 3 The Functions and Reponses of Living Systems Guiding Question How do drugs affect the pulsation rate of Lumbriculus cariegatus and why Homeostasis maintaining a stable internal environment when external environment changes o Exp human urinary system excretes urine while regulating the amount of water in body fluids Dehydrated increased levels of antidiuretic hormone ADH Thermoregulation maintenance of your bodies steady internal temperature o Nervous system circulatory system muscular system and integumentary system are all involved in maintaining your internal temperature o Exp as you heat up your rain activates cooling mechanism via nervous system and the blood vessels circulatory system dilate near your skin to release heat and sweat is produced integumentary system to cool the body Neuron is related to its function of transmitting information though the nervous system as electric impulses neurotransmitters and relaying messages o the next neuron o Inhibitory neurotransmitters block nerve impulses o Excitatory neurotransmitters amplify nerve impulses o Stimulants stimulate the affected portion of the nervous system by either increasing the effect of the excitatory neurotransmitter or block the inhibitory one o Depressants work in the opposite to stimulants Lab 4 Reproduction and Animal Development Guiding Question What is the effect of polluted water runoff on sea urchin fertilization success Gametes eggs and sperm Meiosis In ME O s o A parent cell divides twice chromosomes double once and produce four daughter cells gametes each of which is haploid and contains half the chromosomes of the parent cell o 2 haploid gametes combine in fertilization to produce a diploid full set of chromosomes Each two haploid gametes create a diploid zygote Formation of the zygote is then followed by the rapid cell division through cleavages Embryo dividing zygote o Humans have 46 chromosomes which have 23 homologous pairs o Homologous chromosomes line up next to each other which provides two opportunities to increase the genetic diversity of the gamete Independent assortment Recombination crossing over Mitosis rapid cell replication which cell doubles its chromosomes and separates into two copies o Produces two daughter cells that are exact copies of the parent o The function of mitosis is to form somatic cells which are produced ruing development growth cell replacement regeneration and asexual reproduction Homologous chromosomes Meiosis Sexual 4 daughter cells Haploid 2 divisions Independent assortment recombination Mitosis Asexual None 2 daughter cells Diploid 1 division Exact copies Lab 5 Human Gametogenesis Contraception and Sexually Transmitted Infections Guiding Question How do hormonal and barrier contraceptives function to prevent successful fertilization and or transmission of sexually transmitted infections STIs The human reproductive system has evolved in conjunction with other organ systems to be very successful at reproducing through internal fertilization in order to pass on genetic material DNA Endocrine system hormone producing system Gametogenesis production of gametes takes two forms o Spermatogenesis which takes place in the male testes and results in the production of four sperm from one spermatocyte o Oogenesis which takes place in the female ovaries and results in the production of one egg and three polar bodies from one oocyte The egg must be fertilized within 24 hours or else it will disintegrate Sperm can remain viable in the oviduct for 72 hours The zygote travels down the oviduct dividing by mitosis as it travels and becomes implanted into the endometrium within 6 days where it continues to develop for 9 months The developmental period is divided into three 3 month periods called trimesters the condom The first trimmest is often called the vulnerable period Contraceptives methods for preventing pregnancy and STIs Abstinence refraining from sexual intercourse Barrier methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg most common is Hormonal methods rely on knowledge of natural
View Full Document
Unlocking...