Ch 11 Sexuality Monday November 02 2015 9 05 AM Sex during Adolescence STDs and Teen Pregnancy Intro Examining bodies in detail is centered on developing an acceptable body image rather than on erotic sensations or expression Teens begin to spend a lot of time talking about sex telling crude jokes viewing porn and sexting Individualistic ethic the belief that all people must decide on their own standards for themselves 70 are sexually active by age 19 Premarital Sexual Behavior Less likely to have sex before age 13 and have less than 4 partners Only 7 of teens have experienced sexual intercourse by age 12 30 of 15 17 66 70 of 18 19 Why they has sex for the first time Males Females Opportunity In love In love Opportunity they were ready Most lose virginity to steady Boyfriend Oral Sex has become more common STDs can still be transmitted White teens and teens from higher socioeconomic status Girls are more likely to give than boys Teens do not consider this sex STDs are reduced Youths are slow to seek treatment Masturbation any type of self stimulation that produced erotic arousal regardless of whether that arousal proceeds to orgasm Women who have never masturbated to orgasm before marriage have more difficulty reaching orgasm during coitus in the first year of marriage than do those who have Sex and Its meaning Teens seeking Nonsexual emotional needs Curiosity the desire to receive affection loneliness need to gain social status confirmation of masculinity femininity bolstering of self esteem or need to express anger or escape from boredom Sexual Pluralism Pluralistic society different individuals accept not one but a number of standards of sexual behavior Abstinence until marriage Technical virgins they never allow the penis to enter the vagina but engage in oral genital interfemoral stimulation Sex with affection commitment and responsibility In love committed to each other and take responsibility for their actions Sex with affection and commitment but without responsibility Sex with affection but without commitment No promises for the future Unit 3 Page 1 No promises for the future Friends with benefits No implied commitment and no intent to move the relationship into a romantic partnering Sex without affection Just having sex for sex s sake because they enjoy it without strings attached To punish To win or return favors To control behavior To build of the ego Sexual aggression Stanger Rape forced unwanted sexual intercourse with someone the victim doesn t know Acquaintance Rape forced unwanted sexual intercourse with someone the victim knows Date Rape force unwanted sexual intercourse with a date Contraceptive Use Rate has been increasing But still more sporadic than adults Condoms are the most used form The pill is then 2nd most common choice withdrawal third Condoms are a good choice for teens since they protect against pregnancy and STDs Birth control is a function of race ethnicity age and sexual orientation Black teens use condoms White and older teens use birth control Gay teen less likely to use condoms Risk for STDs remain Why aren t condoms used more often Negative experiences with them A generalizes disregard for risk Cognitive development personal fable invincibility A lack of self efficacy An unwillingness to take responsibility for oneself and the perception that condoms are ineffective Users have to knowledgeable of the method and willing to admit that they are sexually active Can obtain in a place they feel safe Do not believe pregnancy will happen to them Should teens have contraceptives Legal since 1977 available to all ages and physicians do not have to contact a parent if teen is seeking contraceptives Availability has minimal effect on sexual activity Use greatly decreases chances of pregnancy and STDs STDs Very common 50 of all new STD cases each year are to persons 25 year old Chlamydia and gonorrhea are especially common in teens Girls are more at risk than boys More likely to be asymptomatic don t seek treatments because they are unaware And more likely to contract if partner is infected Unintended Pregnancy US has the 2nd highest adolescent pregnancy rate I the industrialized world Rates are declining Unit 3 Page 2 Rates are declining 15 fewer than in 1970s and 80s About 20 of sexually active American teenage girls get pregnant each year 80 are unplanned Causation theories American teens are no more likely to be sexually active American adolescents are less likely to use contraceptives Less likely to use most effective method Less likely to use contraceptives consistently The poverty rate is higher in US and poverty is associated with teen pregnancy US government provides fewer health care service to middle class citizen Primary care physicians are less likely to concern themselves with birth control Youths in other countries are more likely to receive assistance from outside sources Less poverty Parental leave policies in the other nations provide incentive to postpone childbearing Attitudes toward adolescent sexual behaviors are more accepting in many Euro nations More likely to admit they are sexually active American society is more tolerant of adolescent childbearing than other nations Comprehensive sex education is favored in other nations US Abstinence only sex education do not decrease number of sexually active or provide sufficient sex education Pregnancy Outcomes Abortion 29 Birth 57 Miscarriage 14 Motherhood 97 of adolescent mothers decide to keep their babies Substance abuse weak relationship with family Fatherhood contact usually steadily decreases after the child s both Mother acts as gate keep The result of active interest Abortion rate lowered Morning after pill Adoption those who decide to place their babies for adoption generally feel quite comfortable with their decision Better outcomes for teens Teen parents are at risk for Dropping out of school Living in poverty Having subsequent children while still in adolescent Children of teen parents are more likely to become parents themselves Sex Education Role of Parents Mothers are more likely than fathers to discuss sex with their children Spend more time with their daughters than with their sons Teens feel more comfortable talking with their mother Formal Educations from parents Some parents are too embarrassed to discuss the subject or they deal with it in a negative way Some parents are uninformed and do not know how to explain sexuality to their children Some parents are afriad
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