CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 Erik Erikson proposed finding an identity was the major life task of adolescence o Even before they develop identities adolescents bring from childhood certain views of themselves Dimensions of the self o Self a person s personality or nature of which that person is aware o basic self concept persons conscious cognitive perception and evaluation of himself or herself ones thoughts and opinions about oneself Self esteem Persons impression or opinion of himself Self concept informs me I m reasonably athletic and my self esteem rises Self concept implies a developing awareness on a person s part of who or as a result what he or she is o Development of self concept 1st Person realizes they are a distinct separate individual Self concept is described as a global entity how someone feels about himself or herself in general Multiple self conceptions concepts developed in relation to different roles o Identify as son father daughter artist friend Adolescents compare themselves w their own ideals Basic self concept adolescents view of their personality and perceptions of their ability and their status and roles in the outer world 2nd 3rd 4th transitory self concepts ideas of self are influenced by the mood of the moment or by a recent or continuing experience o Getting bad grade makes you feel stupid social selves the selves they think others see which in turn influence how the individuals see themselves o if peers find them to be boring they think negatively of themselves ideal self kind of person an individual would like to be o Ideal that is too low impedes accomplishment and one too high leads to frustration o Realistic concept of one s ideal self leads to self acceptance mental health and the attainment of realistic goals CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Having a good self concept motivates and directs one s behavior o If you think you are athletic you are more likely to try to learn sports compared to if you view yourself clumsy Possible selves different selves we envision ourselves becoming o Refer to the future not to the present o hoped for selves people we hope to be in the future o expected selves people we think we will likely be in the future o feared selves people we are afraid of becoming in the future What contributes to a positive self concept o Significant others Idea that self concept is determined by others views on us or the way they think about us Significant others individuals who occupy a high level of importance and are very influential and their opinions are meaningful Quality of family relationships is associated w adolescents self esteem Adolescents w higher self esteem report greater intimacy w their parents o Parents o Socioeconomic status Low SES students have lower self esteem Appear to be more indirect than direct Don t view themselves harshly cause they are poor but rather that they are doing poorly cause of their economic situation African American children had lower self esteem than white kids Since the civil rights movements self esteem among African Americans o Race ethnicity has risen o Gender Girls self esteem is lower than boys Girls self esteem is tied to physical attractiveness and boys is tied to feelings of achievement and athletic abilities Those with disabilities have negative body images and have a harder time developing a positive self concept o Disabilities o Stress Negatively correlated w in teens stress goes up self esteem goes down Erikson s view on identity development o How does identity develop What contributes to a strong identity Identity is one s life story Identity formation is making choices by exploring alternatives and committing to roles Seven conflicts Temporal perspective versus time confusion o Learning to allocate and estimate one s time CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Self certainty versus self consciousness o Developing self confidence based on past experiences so that a person believes in themselves and believes that there is a reasonable chance of accomplishing future aims Role experimentation versus role fixation o Throughout childhood you can try out different roles and experiment and identity comes from these opportunities o Those who don t develop this they never really find out who they really are Apprenticeship versus work paralysis o Teens explore different occupations before deciding on a vocation This choice of career has a large part in determining identity and any negative self image can lead to not being successful Sexual polarization versus bisexual confusion o It is important for men and women to know what sex they are assume these roles sexual polarization Leadership and followership versus authority confusion o Through school work etc they take leadership positions and learn how to follow others Also they understand who their boss parent the state or any person in charge Ideological commitment versus confusion of values o One s ideology should guide aspects of one s behavior This struggle is known as the search for fidelity o Marcia s identity statuses diffused foreclosure moratorium achieved Identity diffused those adolescents who have not experienced a crisis and explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments in finding an acceptable identity Haven t experienced a crisis period nor have made any commitment to an occupation religion political philosophy sex roles or personalized behavior Foreclosure Establishing an identity without search or exploration usually according to what has been handed down by parents Typically found in children and are identified w same sex parent Negative identity an identity based on rejecting parental and societal values o Sitting when told to stand o Rebellion against authority Moratorium period of time in the life of adolescents who are involved in a continual crisis who continue to search for an identity and who have not made any commitments Period of delay granted to someone who is not yet ready to make a decision or assume an obligation CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Identity achieved those adolescents who have undergone a crisis in their search for an identity and who have made a commitment Identity as a process identity control system o Eriksons and Marcia s approaches to identity are status
View Full Document
Unlocking...