CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide Note this is a guide it is not intended to be an exhaustive list of exam topics Make sure to read all assigned chapters and view all videos lectures Chapter 6 Dimensions of the self o basic self concept adolescents view of his or her personality and perceptions on their ability status and roles in the outer world o transitory self concepts these ideas of self are influenced by the mood of the moment or by a recent or continuing experience o social selves o ideal self the selves they think others see This influences how the individual sees him herself Their perceptions of others feelings color their views about themselves this is the kind of person the adolescent wants to be Too high ideal self impedes accomplishment Too low lead to frustration and self depreciation A realistic ideal self leads to self acceptance mental health and the attainment of realistic goals Possible selves o hoped for selves people we wish to become people we think we will likely become o expected selves o feared selves the people we dread to become What contributes to a positive self concept o Having successes being recognized being athletic feeling attractive having authoritative parents setting high vocational aspirations and being close to one s parents Erikson s view on identity development o How does identity develop What contributes to a strong identity o Marcia s identity statuses diffused foreclosure moratorium achieved Identity diffused have not experienced a crisis period nor have they made any commitment Foreclosure have not yet experienced crisis but have made commitments to occupations ideals Moratorium period of delay granted to someone not yet ready to make a decision Identity achieved have experienced a psychological moratorium have resolved their identity crisis Identity as a process identity control system o Consists of two interpersonal components and three intrapersonal components Interpersonal components CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide one s social behavior Interpersonal feedback from others Intrapersonal components Self concept o This is affected by how individuals behave and get feedback on their behavior One s identity standards or beliefs about how one SHOULD behave Comparator o Assesses the similarity between the two o Matches one s self perceptions against the standards of who they want to be o If there s a discrepancy then one s behavior standards or self concept must be modified to increase consistency Three styles of identity searching o Informative common in moratorium and identity achieved adolescents This is where they seek out diagnostic information and modify their plans behaviors to match it o Nomartive resistant to change and block out discrepant information Common in forclosured adolescents o Avoidant common in diffused individuals Put off making decisions evade feedback and make superficial and short lived changes if they do Four patterns of acculturation separation assimilation integration marginality o Separation exclusive focus on the cultural values and practices of the ethnic group and little no interaction with the dominant group o Assimilation opposite of separation When a member chooses to identify solely with the culture of the dominant society and relinquish all ties with their ethnic heritage o Integration strong identification and involvement with both the dominant and traditional culture dominant society o Marginality absence or loss of one s culture of origin and lack of involvement with the o blended biculturalism alternating biculturalism fusion blended biculturalism finds commonalities between ethnic culture and mainstream society and usually acts in ways congruent of both Alternating biculturalism moves back and forth between cultures sometimes acting in a way the ethnic culture proscribes and otherways in which mainstream culture proscribes Fusion truly merging both cultures into a new coherent one Gender identity o gender schema theory multistep developmental process 1 Children learn that they are boys or girls 2 Children recognize people behaviors and things are labeled for boys or girls CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide 3 They pay more attention and learn more about gender appropriate things 4 They prefer more gender appropriate actions and will preform them more frequently than gender inappropriate ones o social learning theory suggests a child learns gender the same way they learn any other behavior Through a combination of reward punishment direct instruction and modeling o androgyny gender role transcendence belief that when an individuals competence is at issue it should not be conceptualized on the basis of masculinity feminity or androgyny It should be on a personal basis o gender intensification hypothesis the teenager becomes more gendered he or she begins to act in a more gender stereotypical way and to hold more stereotypical beliefs This is stronger in girls than boys Chapter 7 Kohlberg s levels or moral development o levels and stages orientations Level I Preconventional Moral Reasoning Characterized by selfishness Motivated by self interest Stage 1 punishment orientation Level II Conventional Moral Reasoning o People act so to avoid negative consequences o They obey because they fear getting in trouble if they don t Stage 2 instrumental hedonism orientation o People are motivated by the thought of payback and future gain o Do favors with the expectation that favors will be returned o Obey because there is more gain than harm in doing so Act in ways to gain other s approval They do what others think is right Stage 3 good girl good boy orientation o The others are family friends teachers coworkers and other people important to the individual Stage 4 law and order orientation o Have a broader more abstract conception of the term others o Concerned with what members of society at large will say about their conduct not just with how their circle of acquaintances will respond o Motivated to follow rules and obey laws because that is what others have said is correct and moral Level III Postcoventional Moral Reasoning Occurs when people don t necessarily do what is best for themselves or what others think they should do but do what they believe is right and just Stage 5 Social contract orientation CHD3243 Contexts of Adolescence Exam 2 Study Guide o They understand the purpose of rules and laws is to serve greater societal good o Individuals define
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